Medico Guides 2nd Block (LL) Gross Anatomy Guidelines

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Prepared & Compiled by:

                                        Zuha Iftikhar (G14) 

Recommended Books:

  • BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy 8th Edition
  • Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions 10th Edition

LOWER LIMB

Important:

  • All Muscles along with their nerve innervation, action are done from Tables in Snell’s
  • But the correct sequence for the first time is to do Bones first with proper muscle attachments, ligaments. landmarks and then move to Muscle Tables.
  • Anatomy can be mastered if you visualize things more rather than simply cramming it again on loop by using mnemonics. Prefer Visual Image Memory along with mnemonics, you will master it, Insha’Allah.

Sequence that should be preferred:

Bones:

  • How to do it?
    • Take the Lecture of Bone you are going to do. The lecture should be the one in which they are teaching you through 3D animation or through real bone.
    • Memorize along with the lecture, prefer to issue Bones from your museum and learn by holding bone along with Lecture & memorize along with it (It is Important as in Proffs models and real bones were asked)
    • After Lecture, repeat all the landmarks, muscle and ligament attachments by yourself on the bone, or teach some other fellow of yours (choose any option as per your convenience).
    • After that Read BD, you already have mastered the bone now, if some points are left, Mark those and every time you revise the bone again you will only read those different points only.
  • Which Lectures to take for Bone?
    • Johari MBBS ( as it is according to BD ), & some other Indian tutors, teaching through real bone or 3D animation.
  • Bone Sequence:
    • Hip Bone ( IMP ) Asked in Proff OSPE and in Block internal as well.
      • It is asked in the form of Questions at OSPE stations i.e. Locate the origin of Hamstring Muscles on the bone (Real Bone Infront) ? Name the Part. Or Hold the Bone in the correct way ( Proper side determination) and tell this Bone is of which side. etc.
      • SO, You must do the bone properly.
    • Femur ( IMP ) , Asked in Proff OSPE .
    • Tibia ( IMP ), asked in Proff OSPE and Block Internal as well.
    • Fibula ( It is less important than others , and is a tricky one as well) Do Landmarks properly at least and side determination.
    • Rest do the names of bones of foot  and side determination of bones i.e talus , navicular , calcaneus etc.
    • teaching through real bone or 3D animation.
  • Clinicals of Bone:
    • Do the clinicals mentioned in BD alongside. And don’t skip clinicals from SNELLS. You must do all clinicals from SNELLS.
  • For OSPE:
    • SNELL diagrams and real bones should be done ( Any of them might come at your stations)

Muscles:

  • Do all Muscle Tables from SNELLS, Proper Nerve Supply, Origin and Insertion , Muscles of each compartment and their Action.
    • Muscle Tables are the base of your concepts, Memorize it again and again , Understand it Properly. Remember it by using College Models Because in Proff OSPE , Muscles are asked on Models i.e. By pinning a Muscles, Question is asked: Which is the Extensor Muscle? Name & Locate it on the Model. (Questions Like this)
    • Nerve Supply and actions along with origin & insertion are asked in MCQs.
    • Muscles of Sole of Foot ( Names very important Layer wise , Nerve Supply & Action) are Important

 Joints:

  • How to do it?
    • For Joints , you have to first understand the anatomy, Bones Involved, Type of Joint they are making, Blood supply , Nerves passing through it (innervation) and very very important Ligaments, Holding it together.
    • For Anatomy , Take Lecture of it first, Ligaments are very Important in Joints
    • After that, Movement of Joints and the Muscles involved in those movements.
    • And then Clinicals of Joints.
  • Joints Sequence:
    • Hip Joint (IMP):
      • Type, Articular surfaces, ligaments Important ( their Number and Names and their description as well)
      •  Relations are not Important Just Read it once.
      • Blood Supply, Nerve Supply & Movements are important.
      • Do Hip Joint from BD, As Ligaments are well written there.
      • Table 12.1 from BD.
      • Clinicals from BD & SNELLS both. ( IMP )
    • Knee Joint (MOST IMP):
      • Do it from SNELLS, it is written Better there.
      • Type, Capsule, ligaments ( Important ) Extracapsular & Intracapsular.
      • Menisci (their Clinicals Are more important)
      • Synovial membrane, Bursa ( their number, Location )
      • Nerve supply & Blood supply.
      • Movements ( Most Important ) Locking & Unlocking of Knee Joint ( Very  IMP Viva Qs and as well as Important for writtens )
      • Clinicals from SNELLS & BD
    • Ankle Joint:
      • Your choice to do it either from SNELLS Or BD:
        • Ligaments are most Important in it, Medial or deltoid ligament often asked in viva. And important for MCQs as well.
      • Type & Movements . Do it properly.
    • Rest Do all Remaining Joints from SNELLS, you are done with it then, Only Types & Movements, Ligaments(Names) are important in rest.
  • Clinicals of Joints:
    • Do Clinicals from SNELLS & BD both.

BD Chapters:

Now, Start Doing it Chapter wise from BD. Do Nerves Chapter wise from BD or Compartment wise from SNELLS, Choose it as per your choice, so that Better understanding can be developed.

Chapter # 3: Front of Thigh

  • Skin and Superficial Fascia:
    • If you understand it properly side by side, Next topics will be very easy for you to comprehend. These Topics are not that much important but it is important to understand them for the base of your concepts.
    • Skin , Superficial Fascia ( Holden’s Line )
    • Cutaneous Nerves ( Make sure to understand these Nerves properly , Draw the diagram and understand their innervation , Course )
    • Patellar plexus
    • Cutaneous Arteries ( Names are Important )
    • Saphenous Vein (If you do it Here , Base will be made and you will be able to comprehend easily in upcoming topics )
    • Lymph Nodes (Names)
    • Bursas (Names Important  till End with clinicals)
  • Deep Fascia Complete (IMP Topic for written)
  • Femoral Triangle ( Boundaries, Content ,Femoral Sheath, Femoral Canal ) Complete (IMP Topic for written)
  • Femoral Artery (femoral vein along) , Profunda Femoris Artery, Deep External Pudendal Artery, Muscular Branches ( origin, course , Branches ) IMP
    • Understand the course and origin and visualise it , through animations or 3D apps or Use Netter Atlas for it.
  • Femoral Nerve ( origin, course , branches ) Make a flow chart of its course on sticky note and attach it , it will be easy to comprehend.
  • Adductor Canal (  Extent, Shape, Boundaries, Content names ) (IMP Topic for written)

Chapter # 4 : Medial Side of Thigh

  •  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables, so just do Nerves and Arteries( origin, course , branches )  from this Chapter along with Clinicals.

Chapter # 5 : Gluteal Region

  •  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.
  • Structures under cover of gluteus Maximus ( Ligaments , Bursa ) Past Paper Qs
  • Trochanteric and cruciate anastomosis (IMP for written)
  • Sacrotuberous & Sacrospinous Ligament (IMP)
  • Nerves and Arteries of Gluteal Region ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
  • Structures passing through Greater & Lesser Sciatic foramen (IMP for written & Viva )

Chapter # 6: Popliteal Fossa

  • Popliteal Fossa Complete ( Very IMP for written & Viva )
  • Nerves and Arteries As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
  • Anastomosis of Knee Joint ( Very IMP for written , Past Block Qs) You have to draw the anastomosis properly . In BD diagram is  not clear. Do it from Youtube Lectures.

Chapter # 7: Back of Thigh

  • Nerves As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)  and Arteries ( Anastomosis of Back of Thigh is Important )
  •  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.

Chapter # 8,9,10:

  • Retinaculas: (Very IMP for written & Viva )
    • Retinacula written in Deep Fascia Topic.
    • Extensor Retinaculum Complete ( Very IMP ) There are mnemonics to memorise it. do use those mnemonics. As these are often asked in viva stations and important for written as well. ( Tall Husbands Are Never Dear Person )
    • Flexor retinaculum Complete as Extensor. Learn it through the mnemonic as well. And do learn it by visualising it will be in long term memory then. (Tina Deserves A Nice Husband )
  • All Nerves and all Arteries As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
  • Tendons of Thigh ( Important Viva Qs )
  •  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.

Chapter # 11:

  • Venous drainage (vv imp)
  • Lymphatic drainage try to do in flow chart

Arches of Foot:  UHS Proff 2023 Qs

  • Do it from SNELLS, It is very well written in it., It is an Important Topic. Do it completely from Snells. And clinicals Side by Side.

Arteries and nerves:  

  • You can revise Nerves and Arteries after doing Chapterwise & Compartmentwise from Appendix at the End of BD.

That’s all from my side. Anatomy is a distinguishing subject, if you master this, you are ahead of many just because of it. Best Wishes!

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