medicoguides.com

Prepared by:

                 Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                 Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Mini Katzung Pharmacology Edition 2024-25
• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Note:

• There are only five chapters in this section and all of them are very important.
• The study pattern is the same; first memorize drug classifications from ARC notes and then study the complete topic from Katzung.

Chapter 11:

• Stages of hypertension
• High yield terms: End organ damage, essential hypertension, hypertensive emergency, orthostatic hypertension, rebound hypertension, secondary hypertension
• Start chap from Diuretics heading
• Table 11.1(vvvvvv imp, it was our proff seq)
• Figure 11.1
• Sympathoplegics (all are vvv imp methyl dopa and clonidine k uses and adverse effects)
• Vasodilators (table 11.2 is vv imp)
• Ca+ blocker k uses and adverse effects
• Hydralazine and minoxidil (both require combination use with B blocker and Diuretics)
• Nitroprusside and fenoldopam
• Angiotensin and renin inhibitors (vv imp)
• Why ACE inhibitors are prohibited in renal stenosis?
• Hypertensive emergency (v imp)
• Summary

Chapter 12:

• Angina def and types (vv imp)
• High yield terms: Monday disease, double product, myocardial revascularization, preload and afterload
• Therapeutic strategies (give a read)
• Nitrates uses, MOA, organ system effects, clinical uses and toxicity (vv imp)
• Figure 12.4 (vv imp)
• Nitrites use in cyanide poisoning (seq in pharma and in forensic aslo)
• Ca+ channel blockers and B blockers (v imp)
• Table 12.1 (SEQ) (v imp)
• Newer drugs
• Summary

Chapter 13:

• Def of heart failure
• Fig 13.2
• Cardiac glycosides (digitalis types, MOA, mechanical and electrical effects clinical uses, toxicity and correction) (vvvv imp)
• Table 13.2 (SEQ)
• Read rest of chapter and summary

Chapter 14:

• Classification (Seq)
• Start chap from Group 1 antiarrhythmic, uses and toxicities
• Group 2 MOA, uses and toxicity
• Group 3 Uses and toxicities
• Amiodarone toxicities (it causes Smurfs syndrome blueness)
• Group 4 (v imp)
• Miscellaneous drugs
• Non pharmacological treatment
• Read figure 14.4
• Summary

Chapter 15:

• Classification (SEQ)
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors effects MOA, uses and adverse effects)
• Table 15.1(SEQ) (vv imp)
• Loop diuretics (v imp) (MOA, uses and adverse effects and contraindications also)
• Thiazide Diuretics (vvvv imp) (effects uses and toxicities)
• Loop diuretics causes kidney stone formation and Thiazide Diuretics treats kidney stones
• Why Thiazide Diuretics Dec urine excretion despite Diuretics?
• K sparing diuretics
• Osmotic Diuretics (vv imp)
• Antidiuretic hormone and antagonist (v imp)
• Summary

AUTACOIDS

Chapter 16:

• Must do the classification of all drugs
• Histamine is vvvvvv imp
• Table 16.1 (vv imp)
• Difference btw 1st generation and 2nd generation antihistamines
• Clinical uses and toxicities
• Serotonin receptors and their location
• Table 16.2
• Clinical uses and toxicities (vv imp)
• Ergot alkaloids classification
• Just clinical uses and toxicity
• Drugs of migraine (Dr Ajmal’s notes) (vv imp)

Chapter 18:

• Classification
• Location of COX 1 and COX 2
• Figure 18.1
• Effects
• Clinical uses (SEQ) (vv imp)

Chapter 20:

• Classification from ARC notes
• Do this whole chapter from Kaplan and add Ayesha Batool Shortlisting (vv imp)

Chapter 31:

• Opioids classification on basis of strength, on basis of clinical uses
• It’s better to do it from Dr Ajmal’s notes
• Pharmacokinetics, types of receptors
• Peptides names
• Fig 31.2
• Acute and chronic effects (v imp)
• Toxicities (vv imp)
• Tramadol and tapendtadol (vv imp)
• Antagonist names and uses (v imp)
• Summary (vv imp)

Chapter 35:

• Classification of drugs
• Whole chapter is imp
• Mechanism of action of each drug is v.v imp
• Drug interactions is imp

Prepared by:    

                        Roha Gul (G9)

Compiled by:

                  Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

MEDICINE

Reference Book: Davidsons Principles and Practice of Medicine

• Clinical features of bronchogenic carcinoma – Davidson pg 599
• Extrapulmonary manifestations written in a table on pg 601
• Investigations- Davidson pg 601
• Treatment and management written on pg 602
• Pleural effusion – Davidson pg 562 to 564 (all concepts covered)

SURGERY

• Do complete chapter 10 from Dogar General Surgery
• Do complete chapter 32 from Dogar Systemic Surgery

Prepared by:

                 Kisa e Zahra (G12)

Compiled by:

                 Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• NRA Forensic Medicine 2^nd Edition
• Shahbaz Forensic Medicine 6^th Edition

LAW & EVIDENCE

For3-L-001:

• Chapter 2 NRA Laws definition and its different types (vv imp)

For3-L-002:

• Chapter 2 NRA page 8 levels of law + fig 2.3

For3-L-003:

• Chapter 2 NRA table 2.5 (imp)
• Legal procedures + def of exception and presumption +
• Mc Naughton’s rule (vv imp)
• Durhams rule + plea of insanity (vv imp for seq)

For3-L-004:

• Chapter 2 NRA court evidence and its types(imp) + table 2.3 (vvimp) dying declaration and deposition
• Shahbaz 6th edition chapter 12 Witness and its types

For3-L-005:

• Chapter 2 NRA Presumptions and exception (imp)
• Insanity and immaturity, intoxication
• Plea of insanity (imp) Durham’s and mc Naughten’s rule
• Shahbaz 6th edition chapter 14, Page 307 illusion hallucinations definitions +table pg 310 true and feigned insanity + testimentary capacity pg 309

For3-L-006:

• NRA chapter 3 consent definition and its types + from Shahbaz chapter 13 page 290
• Valid and invalid consent + procedure (Shahbaz) complete topic

For3-L-007:

• NRA chapter 3 Medical ethics principles of ethics read

For3-L-008:

• NRA chapter 3 Professional misconduct def + table 3.3 + professional secrecy + privilege communication and types with fig 3.7 (vvimp)

For3-L-009:

• Chapter 3 NRA Professional negligence (imp) types + diff with professional misconduct

For3-L-010:

• NRA chapter 3 fig 3.1 + page 11 just read

For3-L-011:

• Shahbaz chapter 11, pg 234 hadood ordinance section 2,4,6 (vimp) natural and unnatural sexual offences
• Chapter 4 NRA table 4.8 + pg 32 complete read

For3-L-012:

• NRA chapter 4 Qisas and diyat table 4.2 (vv imp for mcqs + imp seq) classify hurt and its types( vv imp )
• Classify qatl table 4.5 (vimp)
• Qisas diyat definitions from Shahbaz

For3-L-013:

• Shahbaz chapter 14 Forensic psychiatry
• NRA chapter 3 page 18,19 (imp seq)

For3-L-014:

• Shahbaz chapter 15 Child abuse (imp)
• Battered baby syndrome and caffey syndrome

For3-L-015:

• NRA chapter 4 pg 32 ancient law read

For3-L-016:

• NRA chapter 4 page 32,33

For3-L-016:

• NRA chapter 4 page 34 disablement

For3-L-017:

• Health commision act

For3-L-018:

• Consumer’s protection act

For3-L-019:

• Chapter 4 NRA euthanasia def + its views

For3-L-020:

• NRA chapter 4 table 4.4 (imp)                                    

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY

For3-TOX-001:

• Shahbaz section 2 general toxicology
• Branches for mcqs
• Types of poisoning (vvimp for seq + mcqs)
• Classification imp

For3-TOX-002

• Drug and poison difference
• Modes of actions of poisons
• Legal classification

For3-TOX-003

• Route of administration metabolism and absorption (vimp)
• Factors modifying actions of poisons (vvimp)

For3-TOX-004

• Duties of doctor (vvimp)

For3-TOX-005

• Shahbaz pg 363 diagnosis of case in living

For3-TOX-006

• General principles in treatment pg 366-368
• Emesis and gastric lavage (vvimp)
• Complications and contraindications of gastric lavage (vvv imp for mcqs + seq)
• Antidotes(vvvvimp)
• Activated charcol vimp
• Universal antidote imp
• Chelators imp
• Methods of removal of absorbed poison
• Drunkenness definition

For3-TOX-007

• medicolegal imp of poisoning case

For3-TOX-008

• Get an overview of mentioned topics

SPECIAL TOXICOLOGY

For3-TOX-009:

• Corrosives complete topic
• Vitriolage (vimp)

For3-TOX-010:

• Vitriolage same as above
• Nitric acid + sulphuric acid imp for mcqs + major diagnostic points
• Oxalic acid (vvv imp) Christians saying in oxalic acid fetal period + doses
• Carbonic acid (imp)

For3-TOX-011:

• Snake poisoning complete (vv imp) mcqs + seqs

For3-TOX-012:

• Inorganic poisons arsenic, lead, mercury, phosphorus (imp)
• Features, mode of actions
• Medicolegal importance, fatal periods, fatal doses, treatments (complete)
• Read remaining for mcqs point of view

For3-TOX-013:

• Organophosphate (vvvv imp)

For3-TOX-014:

• Dhatura, Cannabis, cocaine, Strychnin poisoning vvv imp
• Mode of action, features, treatments, fetal doses and fetal period
• Run amok in cannabis poisoning
• Cocaine bugs in cocaine poisoning

For3-TOX-015:

• Barbiturates read

For3-TOX-016:

• Opium (vvvv imp)
• Drug dependence+ drug habituation
• read remaining poisons

For3-TOX-017:

• Ethyl alcohol (vvvv imp) proff seq
• Stages medicolegal imp clinical features
• MacEwan’ sign
• Complete vvv imp

For3-TOX-018:

• Carbon monoxide (vvvvimp) Complete
• Read hydrogen sulphide

For3-TOX-019:

• Cocaine (vvvimp) x-ray findings + autopsy findings complete topic
• Read others stimulants of CNS

For3-TOX-020:

• Kerosine oil + read all

For3-TOX-021:

• PPD read

FORENSIC SEROLOGY

• Shahbaz section 3, Page 451, just do your code wise mentioned topics
• Must read all tests for examination and medicolegal importance

Prepared by:

                       Chaman Zulfiqar (G12)

                  Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Excel Community Medicine 14th edition

Note:

• In Community Medicine, definitions are very important so memorize them word by word.
• After that, general knowledge with logical understanding is required.
• Read the topic carefully, build your concepts, and then you can write in your own words but only logical things.

Chapter 1 + 2

• Starts with basic definitions
• Programs and types (imp)
• Concepts of disease control (imp)
• Level of preventions (vv imp)
• Modes of interventions (vv imp)
• Rehabilitation and types (vv imp)
• WHO functions (vv imp)

Chapter 2

• Definitions health, disease, illness, sickness
• Spectrum of disease (imp)
• Ice berg of disease (v imp)
• Determinants of health (vv imp)
• Indicators of health (vv imp)
• PQLI (v imp)
• HDI (v imp)
• Millennium development goals (vv imp) (just names with sequence)
• Sustainable development goals (just names) (v imp)

Chapter 3

(This is vvvvvvv imp topic whole chapter needs to be done with full ratta)

• Def epidemiology components aims  (imp)
• Uses just names
• Basic measures in epidemiology
• Tools of measurements (v imp)
• Measures of mortality (each and every formula) (v imp)
• Measures of morbidity (v imp)
• Frequency determinants (imp)
• Epidemiology bathtab (v imp)
• Epidemiological methods (v imp) (complete)
• blinding to end of chapter (everything of this chap is vvvv imp)

Chapter 10

• Primary Health Care definition as it is (vvv imp viva)
• Components of PHC
• Health care for all by year 2000
• Definition (WHO), learn as it is word to word
• Global target for HFA by 2000
• Health planning cycle
• 7-star Doctor
• Levels of health care complete topic (vvv imp seq+viva)
• BHU (read for mcqs)
• RHC (read for mcqs)
• Duties of LHV + catchment area (vvv imp viva)
• Duties of LHW + catchment area
• Diff between BHU and RHC

Chapter 11:

• Water, uses of water (read)
• Classification of water (imp)
• Types of wells, types of springs, sanitary well (read)
• Water pollution (read)
• Hazards of water pollution (imp)
• Criteria for quality of water (vvv imp)
• WHO standard for safe water supply (vvv imp)
• Hardness of water (read)
• Purification of water (vvv imp)
• Definitions (learn word to word as it is)
• Tests for free chlorine(just read)
• Purification of water on small scale (vvv imp)
• Sampling of water (imp)
• Water related diseases (extremely high yield topic). Do it complete
• Causes of air pollution (imp)
• Effects of polluted air (vvv imp)
• Green house effect and global warming (imp seq+mcqs)
• Purification of air (complete topic vvv imp)
• Acceptable noise levels (table) imp viva
• Effects of noise exposure
• Effects of heat stress (extremely imp), must do scenarios of this topic from past papers
• Effects of cold stress
• Solid waste disposal (imp)
• Methods of excreta disposal (just do headings, and read details of each once)
• Definitions at last page (learn word to word)

Chapter 18

This chapter contains general information so read it thoroughly and make concise key points.

• communication def and components
• Shannon weaver communication model (v imp)
• Types of communications (v imp)
• Methods (imp)
• Barrier of communications (seq)
• Functions of communication (names and just read)
• Health education def, aims, stages (imp)
• Contents of communications (imp)
• Methods of maintaining behavior (imp)
• Models (vvvv imp)
• Principles of health education (names) (imp)
• Program plan and evaluation of program (v imp)

Prepared by:

                       Chaman Zulfiqar (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Pathoma Fundamentals of Pathology
• Medium Robbins Latest Edition
• Hira Maryam Short Book of Bacteriology
• Anwar Microbiology 2^nd Edition
• Ammara Morphology PDF

RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY

Re-2-Pa-001:

• Levinson chap 65, Type 1 hypersensitivity complete topic starting from 2nd pg, including atopy. also do examples of type-1 hypersensitivity from table 65.2 (extremely imp topic from seq, MCQ and viva point of view

Re2-Pa-002:

• Medium Robbins chap 13—– def of asthma on pg 503, first line of topic, asthma
• Classification of asthma from med Robbins, with details of non-atopic asthma
• Pathoma chap 9—- pathogenesis of atopic asthma, mentioned on pg 91 in topic of asthma

Re2-Pa-003:

• Medium Robbins—–exact word to word def of chronic bronchitis, first line of this topic on pg 502 (vvv imp seq+viva), must mention duration of cough in def
• pathoma pg 89—–pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis
• Medium Robbins pg 506—–pathogenesis of bronchiectasis
• Do Morphology of both above diseases from pdf Ammara morphology. (vvv imp in pathology)

Re2-Pa-004:

• Medium Robbins pg 498, exact def of emphysema (imp seq) + types of emphysema+ fig 13.6

Re2-Pa-005:

• Obstructive vs restrictive diseases (extremely imp seq+viva, do it from google in tabulated form)
• Causes of restrictive lung disease from med robbins pg 498, in topic of Obstructive vs restrictive pulmonary diseases
• Pneumoconiosis, from med Robbins pg 508, upto pathogenesis
• Asbestos related diseases from table 13.3
• Morphology of asbestosis and pneumoconiosis from Ammara Morphology PDF

Re2-Pa-006:

• Pathoma chap 9, table 9.1+ 9.2+ 9.3
• Types of pneumonia from pathoma pg 86
• Morphology of pneumonia from AMMARA morphology pdf
• Complications of pneumonia, mentioned in pathoma, just before topic of TB

Re2-Pa-007:

• Morphology of sarcoidosis, TB, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary eosinophilia, from AMMARA morphology pdf or you can do them from ChatGPT
• Ghon complex from pathoma, pg 89, 3rd line of topic of TB, extremely imp mcq, seq, and viva point
• Primary vs secondary TB from google in tabulated form

Re2-Pa-008:

• Levinson chap 65, pg 574, hypersensitivity type-4 comp topic till end

Re2-Pa-009:

• Pleural tumors classification from google
• Morphology of mesothelioma from AMMARA morphology pdf
• Risk factor of mesothelioma is asbestos (imp mcq)

Re2-Pa-010:

• Pathoma table 9.5
• Laryngeal tumors complete from med robbins, last pg of chap 13
• Morphology of sq cell CA, Adenocarcinoma, Neuroendocrine tumors from AMMARA morphology pdf
• Paraneoplastic synd associated with lung CA from med robbins pg 543, last paragraph just above topic of Carcinoid tumor

Re2-Pa-011:

• Already covered in above topics

Re2-Pa-012:

• Acute resp distress syndrome from med robbins chap 13, pg 496, comp topic with fig 13.2 (imp seq)
• Morphology of ARDS from AMMARA morpho pdf

Re2-Pa-013:

• TB, complete topic from Levinson (bacteriology), no need to do it here separately.

Re2-Pa-014:

• Not mentioned in much detail in book. Do it from ChatGPT, imp topic due to COVID-19

Re2-Pa-015:

• Do all mentioned bacteria from HIRA MARYAM short book of bacteriology + Viruses from ANWAR
• Bacteria are more imp than viruses so do them first.

Prepared by:

                       Wasi Hassan (G12)

                       Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Pathoma Fundamentals of Pathology
• Medium Robbins Latest Edition
• Essentials of Special Pathology by MBBS Cafeteria

CARDIOLOGY

Note:

• There are two approaches to study this subject.
• If you are a strong learner and aim to compete for every single mark, then go for Robbins.
• Otherwise, you can rely on Pathoma + Morphology PDF for preparation, which is sufficient for scoring well.
• There is also the MBBS Cafeteria book, which is a concise blend of Pathoma and Robbins but concisely it’s a good book tbh.
• I’ll prefer Robbins, as it aligns more closely with your objectives, while Pathoma covers only a limited portion.
• I recommend you guys to use ChatGPT along with Robbins for anything not present in it and note it down, as your module is integrated and there are many things which are not covered in pathology alone.

CV2-M-005:

• First of all, cardiomyopathies aren’t asked much in UHS but still they are a hot topic in cardio after MI. Your objectives are not covered from Pathoma so prefer Robbins for it
• Use ChatGPT for management, ECG and role of MRI in diagnosis.
• Use same approach for angina, acute coronary syndromes, read from Robbins and managements from ChatGPT.

CV2-M-006:

• Heart failure is also not much important so do give it a thorough read from Robbins.

CV2-M-007:

• Myocardial Infarction is one of the most imp. topic for seq. Study it really well.
• Must do gross & microscopic morphology table with time.

CV2-M-008:

• Valvular heart diseases are very very imp.
• Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease must be studied very thoroughly
• Management plan from ChatGPT (or if someone of you uses medicine books he/she can use it too)

CV2-M-009:

• Congenital heart diseases are written in Robbins only, do them all from there but they are less likely to show up on exam. Do it only for mcqs

CV2-Pa-003:

• Cardiac tumors, not many chances of getting seqs from this topic but do give it a read
• Do study morphologies and study which tumor is found in which age group.

BLOOD VESSELS

Note:

• You have two options for this topic
• If you are short on time and have a lot to cover, use the MBBS Cafeteria book
• If you have more time, study from Medium Robbins.
• I will tell you from both sources.

Medium Robbins: (Chapter 10)

• Vascular wall response to injury (arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, risk factors, pathogenesis just fig 10.10)
• Morphology mentioned side along
• Consequences /complications of atherosclerosis

Aneurysms and dissections:

• Definitions
• Pathogenesis just names and few imp lines
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm
• Thoracic aortic aneurysm
• Aortic dissection
• Must do morphologies also

 Tumors:

• Table 10.5
• Benign tumors (give read and highlights mcqs points just)
• Intermediate Grade tumors (Kaposi sarcoma, it’s ur seq) (vv imp)
• Malignant tumors (angiosarcomas, just def and morphology)

MBBS Cafeteria Book: (from page 40)

• Atherosclerosis
• Arteriosclerosis
• Aneurysms
• Vascular Tumors
• Kaposi sarcoma (ye topic Robbins sy b read kr k yhn hi compile kr lo)
• Malignant tumors
• Congenital (berry aneurysm) (imp)