medicoguides.com

Prepared by:

                 Zernab Jodat (G12)

Compiled by:

                 Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Book for Medicine:  Davidson Principle and Practice of Medicine 24th Edition
• Book for Surgery:  Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery 28 Edition
• Book for Pediatric Surgery: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery 28 Edition
• Book for Pediatric Medicine: Basis of Pediatrics by Pervez Akbar Khan

UHS 10^th Block

  (Module No 24)

CMFH2-FM-001

Chapter: Neurology

CMFH2-FM-002

Chapter: Infectious Diseases

• Topic Fever (complete)

CMFH2-FM-003

Chapter 9: Neonatology

• Importance of resuscitation
• Care of newborn infant

CMFH2-FM-004

Chapter 31:

• Medical psychiatry
• Refer to the related topics only as mentioned in the syllabus

CMFH2-FM-005

Chapter 22: Undernutrition

CMFH2-FM-006

Chapter: Nephrology

• Do the concerned topics as mentioned in the guidelines

CMFH2-FM-007

Chapter 27: Dermatology

• Specific diseases and their primary management i.e.
• Fungal infections
• Scabies
• Pediculosis
• Cellulitis
• Folliculitis
• Dermatitis
• Eczema
• Warts
• Herpes simplex
• Acne

CMFH2-FM-008

Chapter 34: Aging and disease

• From investigation and management complete chapter

UHS 10^th Block

  (Module No 25)

1. ESOPHAGUS

GIT2-GE 012 to 016

Chapter 23: Gastroenterology

• Dysphagia
• GERD
• Achalasia
• Carcinoma
• Candidiasis

GIT2-GE 023 to 027

Chapter 23: Gastroenterology

• Vomiting
• Haematemesis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Abdominal pain
• Gastric cancer
• All of these topics are very very important

GIT2-S-028

Chapter: Stomach and Duodenum

• Duodenal obstruction causes
• Duodenal carcinoma and management

GIT2-S-029

Chapter: Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery

• Just do the mentioned context

2. SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE

GIT2-GE-041

Chapter 23: Gastroenterology

• Gastroenteritis
• Diarrhoea

GIT2-GE-042

Chapter 23: Gastroenterology

• Miscellaneous disorders of small intestine
• Gastroenteritis

GIT2-GE-043 to 047

Chapter 23: Gastroenterology

• All respective topics in this chapter

GIT2-PS-051a to 051d

Chapter: Principles Of Paediatric Surgery

• Intussusception
• Appendicitis
• Hernia
• Phimosis
• Paraphimosis
• Bladder and cloacal exstrophy

3. HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

GIT2-GE-059 to 064

Chapter: Hepatology

• Jaundice
• Viral hepatitis
• NAFLD
• Carcinoma
• CLD genetic disorders

GIT2-S-065 to 066

Chapter: Gallbladder and Bile Ducts

• Cholecystectomy

Chapter: The Pancreas

• Pancreatitis

GIT2-PS-067

Chapter: Principles Of Paediatric Surgery

Or

Chapter: Peritoneum, Omentum, Mesentery, Retroperitoneal Space

•  Acute Peritonitis

4.SPLEEN

GIT2-PS-068

Chapter: Spleen

• Splenectomy

5. HEALTH AND NUTRITION

GIT2-S-075

Chapter: Nutrition and Fluid Therapy

• Perioperative nutritional management
• Assessment, fluid electrolytes, requirements
• Artificial nutritional support

Prepared by:

                 Sadaid ul Hassan (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

                  Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Dhingra ENT 8^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

Overview:

• ENT is one of the most interesting subjects of fourth year, yes interesting, if you approach it in the right way. 
• ENT has three sections Ear Nose Throat
• Each section has about 15-18 chapter, but dw choty choy chapters and each section has 4-5 imp chapters.

How to approach?

• First of all, tu ap ko basic anatomy Ani chahiya especially EAR ki NOSE n THRAOT ki basic c anatomy ha. 
• MUST DO Anatomy of each part cuz it will be very easy to get the disease process later on.

Lectures:

• Without lec ENT nhi Hoti
• If at the end of year b krni ho tu taking lecs is the best way.
• Ma na PREPLADDER k lec leya thy and believe me BEST, BESTEST and detailed lec hain 
• Sara lecture DHINGRA sy hi hota ha
• PREPLADDER k lec lengthy hain magar ap ny Ghabrana nhi ha
• Indian teacher ha, same accent ha aur easily 2x pr (even 3x pr b airbuds k Sath) lec ly skty hain
• 2x pr 20-25 mins ma Sara chapter A to Z clear how jata ha, ap ENT specialist ban jaty ho itny achy lec hain
• Aik dafa lec try zaroor kro sab log.  ENT will be your favorite subject
• Chapter 1-2-3 these are basic chapter, mainly MCQs aty
• Ye chap aty ho tu ENT easy ho jati

Most Important Chapters:

• Chapter 8, 10, 11, 12, 13,15,18

HEARING LOSS

Chapter 5:

This chapter will cover 4 topics of your syllabus

1. Hearing Loss and Types

2. Ototoxic drugs:

• Figure out Type of hearing Loss,
• Reversible/irreversible Mechanism (2-3 ma yaad krna lena)

3- Noise Induced Hearing loss:

• A less imp topic, occasionally exam ma a b jata
• Take PREPLADDER lec of this topic easy ho ja a gah
• Fig 5.7 imp.

4- Presbycusis:

• A very imp topic Sara krna ha
• Almost Sara chap krna ha upto Presbycusis

• Skip
• Non organic Hearing loss
• Social legal aspects

Chapter 20:

• For hearing implants
• A general topic
• Do remember Indications and limitation of each implant

DISEASES OF EXTERNAL EAR

Chapter 8:

(Half of Chapter Important ha, rest read only for MCQs)

• Most Important Topics:
  • Hematoma of auricle (cauliflower ear)
  • Perichondritis
  • Otitis externa hemorrhagica
  • Herpes zoster oticus
  • Furuncle
  • Diffuse otitis externa(complete)
  • Malignant otitis externa
  • Otomycosis
  • Keratosis obturans
• Less Important Topics:
  • Preauricular sinus
  • Frostbite
  • Foreign bodies of Ear (read, so that have basic idea)
• Read rest of chapter for MCQs

DISEASES OF MIDDLE EAR

Chapter 10:

(This is one of the most imp chap of EAR section)

• Most Important Topics: (complete krny hain)
  • Acute Suppurative Otitis media
  • Acute necrotizing otitis media
  • Otitis media with effusion
• Treatments k mainly names aty ho aur basic idea ho
• Table 10.1 skip b kr skty hain 
• Read rest of chapter

Chapter 11:

• Chronic Otitis Media is most imp topic of Ear

Chapter 12:  

• Important Topics:
  • Classification
  • Acute Mastoiditis (complete)
  • Accesses in relation to Mastoid infection
  • Gardengio syndrome (Under topic – Petositis)
  • Labyrinthitis (complete)
  • Meningitis
  • Clinical features of Lateral sinus thrombosis
• Give a read to rest of chap

Chapter 81:  

• Do complete chapter

OTOSCLEROSIS

Chapter 13:

• Most imp and easy chap
• Read anatomy of labyrinth
• Rest of chap comp krna ha

DISEASES OF INNER EAR

Chapter 7:  

• This will cover your 2 topics
• Benign paroxysmal positional Vertigo (Imp topic Sara krna ha)
• Vestibular Neuronitis (ye chota sy likha howa ha. Use chatgpt if detail ma krna ha)
• Table 7.1 imp.

MENIERE’S DISEASE

Chapter 15:

• Most Imp chapters
• Sara chapter krna ha

GLOMUS TUMOR

Chapter 17:  

• Glomus Tumor (Whole topic is imp)
• DDs k name yaad krna Lena (and also how to differentiate)
• Diagnosis and treatment
• Names with overall idea

FACIAL NERVE PALSY

Chapter 14:  

(Imp chap ha but Sara nhi krna)

• Read first 2-3 pages (aik dafa lec ly Lena Sara clear ho jae ga)
• Surgical land marks, Variations and anomalies (For mcq)
• Diagnostic test, may be viva ma poch ly unexpectedly, give it a read
• Causes of facial palsy (Complete)
• Table 14.1 imp.
• Diagnosis, treatment, management Sara Karna
• Melkersson Syndrome (imp)
• Ramsey Hunt syndrome (imp)
• Read traumatic causes, Table 14.2 dekh Lena once
• Localization of Facial nerve (read)
• Diagnostic test, (read)
• Complications, (imp), mainly names yaad ho tu idea ho jata ha
• Surgery of facial nerve, names only with a basic idea
• For Temporal bone trauma do Fig 14.10, Table 14.2

SURGICAL PROCEDURES

• This is somewhat boring topics (for me)
• SEQ b a jata aur Viva ma b HOD poch lety
• PREPLADDER ya YouTube sy koi Video dekh Lena for each procedure
• Mainly ap ko Indications. Post op care and complications Ani chahiya
• Steps of operation k names yaad kr lena, aur aik overall idea ho operation ka step by step
• Video dekh k clear ho jata

Prepared by:

                Soila Ansar (G12)

                Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Medium Robbins Latest Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
• Pathoma Fundamentals of Pathology
• Essentials of Special Pathology by MBBS Cafeteria

Overview:

• The most important subject in the entire MBBS is pathology so prepare it thoroughly and don’t go after short cuts for this subject. It is always the best way to prepare not from a single book or source and try to give at least a read to more than one source.
• Sources for pathology which I used were; Medium Robbins, pathoma notes and its lectures, Dr Najeeb’s lectures, MBBS cafeteria book.

Medium Robbins: It should be your main book if you want to have a clear and detailed understanding of things. The problem with this book is that it looks exhausting and boring so to overcome this you first need to tell yourself that it’s not difficult and you can easily do it for enough times to kick off the fear of this book then for the first time, don’t try to remember each line of it instead just try to understand what it’s saying and flow of information like try to remember that which aspects have been discussed. And the imp thing is to highlight or underline the imp 2 or 3 lines of each paragraph. For the second time, again read the entire text and then after that you’ll just need to read the highlighted ones. And one other thing, whenever you read this book, always do histology diagrams and foot notes, I said always, it will help you a lot in remembering morphologies.

Pathoma: When you decide to prepare for a certain topic, first take its lectures. It will provide you an overview of the topic. Further, many MCQ points are typical of this book which can’t be solved even after learning Robbins. This book doesn’t give a comprehensive concept but a short note of every related and less imp thing, so in this way you’d be able to have heard unimportant things which rarely come in exams.

Dr Najeeb’s lectures: I personally like the way of teaching of this man but if you don’t find it suitable according to your mood then it’s fine. You can take any other lectures or no lectures at all, whatever you like. But, after taking his lectures, I always felt that it makes you stand out among others when it comes to having a deep concept of things.

MBBS Cafeteria: As far as this book is concerned, it has no value at all once you have prepared a topic from pathoma and robbins. You can use this book in an emergency situation (except PROFF) when you don’t have time to prepare from a good source and you have no other option.

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Chapter 15:

It’s the most important topic of pathology. First take pathoma lectures, then do the following topics from medium Robbins:

Oral Cavity:

• Aphthous ulcers, oral candidiasis (only read)
• Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia (imp)
• Squamous cell CA (v.imp) risk factors, pathogenesis, morphology
• Salivary gland neoplasms (imp) classification, morphologies

Esophagus:

• Atresia, fistula, stenosis, ectopia (only read)
• Achalasia* (imp) triad, 1° & 2°, causes
• Esophageal varices (imp)
• Esophagitis (v.imp) Mallory Weiss tears, Boerhaave syn, chemical, infectious
• Reflux esophagitis (imp)
• Eosinophilic esophagitis (read)
• Barret esophagus (imp) morphology
• Esophageal CA (v.imp) adenocarcinoma (RF, morphology) SCC (RF, pathogenesis, morphology)

Stomach:

• Gastropathy vs gastritis, pathogenesis, curling, Cushing and stress ulcers
• Chronic gastritis (v.imp) 3 main causes, H. pylori (pathogenesis, morphology), autoimmune (CF, pathogenesis, morphology), difference table
• PUD (v.imp) pathogenesis, morphology, CF
• Dysplasia, gastric polyps (read)
• Gastric adenocarcinoma (v.imp) pathogenesis, morphology, CF 
• Lymphoma
• Carcinoid tumor(imp) pathogenesis, morphology, CF
• GIST (read) gene, morphology

Small & Large Intestine:

• Intestinal obstruction (4 causes)
• Intussusception, Hirschsprung disease (v.imp)
• Hernia, Ischemic bowel disease (pathogenesis, CF), hemorrhoids (read)
• Diarrhea (SOME 4 categories), malabsorptive (4 types+ table), cystic fibrosis
• Celiac disease (v.imp) pathogenesis, fig, morphology, CF
• Lactase def, abetalipoproteinemia(read)
• Microscopic colitis(imp)
• Infectious enterocolitis (table+summary)

HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM

• Do this topic from medium robbins with Ayesha Batool’s shortlist (because it’s very important topic) and morphology from MBBS Cafeteria
• Or if you have no time then use MBBS Cafeteria bcz morphology is mentioned in cafeteria book.

Chapter 16:

• Table 16.1 (vvv imp)
• General features of liver disease (hepatocyte injury, confluent necrosis and bridging necrosis)
• Liver failure types (imp)
• Acute liver failure (flow chart bna lein) morphology from cafeteria
• chronic liver failure causes and complications (v imp) (morphology from cafeteria)
• Acute on chronic causes (v imp)
• Summary of liver failure (v imp)
• Viral hepatitis table 16.2 (v imp)
• Figure 16.2(seq) (imp)
• Figure 16.9 (v imp)
• Figure 16.10 (v imp)
• Figure 16.12 (v imp)
• Clinicopathologic syndromes (read it)
• Acute asymptomatic
• Acute symptomatic
• Fulminant failure (v imp)
• Morphology from cafeteria
• Figure 16.13 (v imp)
• Autoimmune hepatitis with morphology (v imp)
• Table 16.3 (read it)
• Alcoholic liver failure (imp most) with morphology
• Non-Alcoholic liver disease with morphology (v imp)
• Fig 16.19
• Wilson disease (imp)
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (v imp)
• Table 16.4 (vv imp)
• Autoimmune cholangiopathies (v imp) (Both types are most important)
• Table 16.5 (imp)
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (v imp)
• With morphology
• Gallstones, types, features (v imp)
• Table 16.6 (vv imp)
• Cholecystitis
• Acute calculous cholecystitis (imp)
• Acute Acalculous cholecystitis (imp)

Chapter 17:

• Annular pancreas
• Acute pancreatitis (imp) with morphology
• Table 17.1 (imp)
• Figure 17.1 (v imp)
• Chronic pancreatitis with morphology (imp)
• Pancreatic carcinoma (read it)

Prepared by:

                 Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                  Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Clinical Ophthalmology by Shafi M. Jatoi 7^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

Overview:

• This book is more than enough for your eye exams and for ospe + viva
• Make sure to note down Dr Irfan’s lecture points (Sir Jo baatein apko lecture me btatay hain wo note krty jao…ospe aur mcqs wohi sy aty..exact sir wli lines)
• Important point…you don’t need to learn whole book (just do mentioned topics and give a read to remaining part for McQ)

How to study ophthalmology?

• First read a topic signs and symptoms and investigation treatment.
• Then use Past papers either chapter 4 or Gyan to see how questions are asked in exams, it will guide you to make diagnosis on basis of Signs and Symptoms mentioned in questions
• Important most in eye and ENT is investigations and treatment (Jis ki nhi likhi hui…. Google kr k likh lo)
• Must do picture for OSPE of mentioned important topics

ORBIT

(Eye 1-001)

Chapter 8:

(You don’t have to do whole chapter, just go to the point mentioned topics)

• Orbit anatomy+walls+ contents of fissures
• Orbital spaces (ospe, viva, seq Saab a skta)
• proptosis (whole topic is hell important) (imp)
• Preseptal cellulitis (definition (imp), extension, investigation and treatment)
• Orbital cellulitis (each and every point of this topic is important most) (imp)
• Difference between Preseptal and orbital cellulitis (UQ)
• Thyroid eye disease (most imp topic, each and every line is McQ and seq)

EYELIDS

(Eye 1-002)

Chapter 5:

• Eyelid anatomy, nerve supply, blood supply and functions of eyelid
• Chalazion (important topic for exams and clinical point of view) (imp)
• Hordeolum (externum and Internum both)
• Difference between stye and chalazion (favorite topic of Sir Irfan)
• Blepharitis (types, signs n symptoms with treatment)
• Trichiasis (important to rule out causes and types)
• Entropion (types and causes of each type and treatment of each type will be asked separately) (imp)
• Ectropion (do whole topic) (imp)
• Ptosis (favorite topic of UHS, types, causes of each type …. investigation is most important and treatment is imp SEQs) (v imp)
• Benign tumors (names and just xanthelasma)
• Malignant (Basal cell carcinoma most important)
• Give a read to rest of tumors with ospe picture

LACRIMAL SYSTEM 

(Eye 1-003)

Chapter 6:

• Anatomy of lacrimal system
• Excretory system
• Tears with functions and layers
• Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (v imp) (signs, investigation, treatment)
• Acquired Nasolacrimal duct obstruction and types of DCR
• Acute dacryocystitis
• Chronic dacryocystitis
• Signs of dacryoadenitis
• Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (imp most) (imp)
• Treatment of keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (v imp)
• Lacrimation and euphoria difference
• Tests for euphoria (read it)

CONJUNCTIVA

(Eye 1-004)

Chapter 7:

• Conjunctiva definition, parts, nerve supply and functions
• Bacterial conjunctivitis all types (signs and symptoms, investigation and treatment)
• Viral conjunctivitis (adenovirus conjunctivitis with both types) (v imp)
• Chlamydial conjunctivitis (Trichoma) (v imp)
• Stages of Trichoma (imp), WHO classification (imp)
• Treatment (whole topic is very imp)
• Neonatal conjunctivitis with all types and treatment of each type (imp)
• Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (important most)
• Steven Johansen syndrome (read)
• Pterygium (fav topic of examiners) (vv imp)
• Pseudo pterygium and difference with pterygium
• Pinguicula (read)
• Xerophthalmia (most important)
• WHO classification (v imp)
• Treatment (v imp)

CORNEA

(LOs 006)

Chapter 8:

(This is important topic of eye and must do it properly)

• Cornea definition, dimensions, thickness, curvature, refractive power, layers
• Blood supply, nerve supply, nutrition of cornea, definitions (imp)
• Bacterial corneal ulcer (v imp) (sign and symptoms, management, treatment) (v imp)
• Complications of bacterial corneal ulcers (v imp)
• Treatment of desmatoceole (imp)
• Perforated corneal ulcer management (imp)
• Fungal keratitis (v imp)
• Viral keratitis

Prepared by:

                 Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                 Talha Saleem (G12)

Reference Books:

• Excel Community Medicine 14th edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
• Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine

Overview:

• You people are already familiar with this subject and may have idea how to study
• I would suggest to study it from excel and past papers
• I already shared pdfs with you for revision that will cover your deficits.
• And if you want you can study from K park (on your own risk)                     

BIOSTATISTICS

• Each and every word of this chapter is vvvv imp (just give a single read from K Park for this topic)

Chapter 8:

• Definition of biostatistics (imp)
• Vital statistics
• Functions of biostatistics (v imp)
• Terminology
• Data with types (imp)
• Census (imp) with types
• Methods for estimation of population (all formulas) (imp)
• System of collection of data (read it)
• Presentation of data (all tables & charts n diagrams (v imp)
• Measure of central tendency (v imp)
• Measure of dispersion (imp)
• Chi-square test (v imp)
• Student T test (imp)
• Z-test (v imp)
• Life table and advantages (v imp)
• Normal distribution curve (vv imp)
• Standard error (v imp)
• Hypothesis and types (vv imp)
• Table at end of chapter (v imp)

DEMOGRAPHY

• Important topic do it whole and formulas

Chapter 9:

• Definition
• Population dynamics (v imp)
• Population doubling time (imp)
• Growth rate (v imp)
• Crude birth and death rates
• Reasons for population change (v imp)
• Calculation of population (v imp)
• Components of population growth (v imp)
• How to control population explosion?
• Definition of literate person
• Fertility determinants (imp)
• Cause of higher fertility (imp) (SPED)
• High infant mortality affects fertility (v imp)
• Basic fertility measurements (most imp topic) (v imp) (do formulas from Park)
• Population pyramids (vv imp)
• Sex ratio (v imp)
• Demographic transition (v imp)
• Demographic cycle (most important) (cycle from Park)
• demographic trap (v imp)
• Population momentum formula (v imp)
• Implications of high population
• Demographic features (imp)
• Vital index (imp)
• Density of population (v imp)

PRIMARY HEALTHCARE

Chapter 10:

• PHC definition (imp)
• Elements of PHC (v imp)
• Principles of PHC (imp)
• Health for all (v imp)
• Global target for HFA
• Causes of failure of HFA
• Health planning cycle (vv imp)
• 7-star doctors
• Levels of health care
• Referral tier diagram (imp)
• BHU (v imp) (services, building duties of BHU)
• RHC (Facilities, services, duties) (imp)
• THQ
• DHQ
• Integrated rural health care definition
• LHV duties
• LHW duties
• Rural health problem
• Difference btw BHU &RHC

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Chapter 13:

• Definition
• OCCUPATIONAL affairs
• Occupational health
• Ergonomics definition (imp)
• sickness absenteeism
• Occupational disease of different organs
• Pneumoconiosis definition and each type (v imp)
• Silicosis (important most, cause and X-rays pattern)
• Anthracosis (v imp)
• Asbestosis (causes and respiratory disorders) (imp)
• Byssinosis (imp)
• Bagassosis (imp)
• Pneumoconiosis preventions (medical, engineering measures, legislation) (imp)
• OCCUPATIONAL hazards (imp)
• Management plan to prevent
• Lead poisoning (vv imp)
• Table at end of chapter (vv imp)

NUTRITION

Chapter 16:

• Definition
• Classification of foods
• Nutrients Definition
• Balanced diet definition
• Basal metabolism (imp)
• Calories requirements of male, female, infants
• Factors affecting nutrition needs
• Proposed diets (v imp)
• Food fortification (imp)
• Adulteration of food (v imp)
• Theme and slogan of world health day (imp)
• Food borne diseases
• Food infection
• Preservation of food (v imp)
• Sources of Adulteration of milk (v imp)
• Methods of rendering milk safe (imp)
• Assessment of nutritional status (imp)
• Table of indicators of nutritional status (v imp)
• Anthropometric measurements (v imp)
• Forms of malnutrition (v imp)
• Protein-energy malnutrition (imp)
• Gomez classification (imp)Last table (vitamin A, Vit D, vit B1, B 12, calcium, iron)
• Table of trace minerals (Iodine)
• Differences btw marasmus& kwashiorkor (imp)
• Difference btw cholera & food Poisoning (v imp)
• Difference btw food fortification and Adulteration (v imp)

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Chapter 20:

• Disaster definition (v imp)
• Hazard definition
• Types of disasters
• Morbidity resulting from disaster
• Phases of disaster (figure at end of chapter)
• Steps in disaster management (imp) (Shortlist and get idea)
• Triage (v imp)
• Post disaster management (v imp)
• Organization model
• The surveillance cycle (imp)
• Man made disaster (imp)
• Disaster in Pakistan (imp)
• Measures to be taken in specific disaster (imp)