3rd YEAR MBBS Study Guide

3rd Year MBBS

Medicine & Surgery  

UHS 9^th Block

Prepared by:    

                               Muhammad Haris Nawaz (G13)

Compiled by:

                         Rukhsar Uns (G14)

MEDICINE

Reference Books:

• Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
• Irfan Masood Medicine 4^th Edition
• Episode Final Year (EFY)

Respiratory System

• Give read to topic from Irfan Masood  & then do topic from EFY.
• Read scenarios from EFY, it will help you a lot in solving MCQs.
• Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis, ILD, Pleural effusion, Respiratory Failure, OSA, Covid 19
• Some topics are not present in EFY or Irfan Masood, you can google them or do from Davidson.

Cardiovascular System

• It is quiet lengthy but easy.
• Do one topic daily & you will get it done within 2 to 3 weeks.
• Again two resources Irfan Masood & EFY
• Almost whole chapter of CVS from EFY
• Some topics are not mentioned there, do from Irfan Masood
• Read scenarios & practice MCQs.

SURGERY

Reference Books:

• Use only EFY (Episode Final Year)

Surgery 1 Book (S -1)

Chapter 7 Vascular disorders

• Do Acute limb ischemia, Varicose veins, DVT

Surgery 2 Book (S -2)

Chapter 6 Heart & Great Vessels

• Do only Gangrene

Chapter 5 Thorax

• Do Tension pneumothorax
• Must know FLAIL CHEST

Practice MCQs & Read scenarios

3rd Year MBBS 

Forensic Medicine  

UHS 9^th Block  

Prepared by:  

                            Hadia Imtiaz Khan (G13) 

Compiled by:  

                            Rukhsar Uns (G14) 

Reference Books: 

• NRA Forensic Medicine 2^nd Edition 

• Shahbaz Forensic Medicine 6^th Edition 

LAW & EVIDENCE 

For3-L-001:  

• Chapter 2 NRA (Laws definition and its different types) (v imp) 

For3-L-002: 

• Chapter 2 NRA (page 8 levels of law + fig 2.3) 

For3-L-003: 

• Chapter 2 NRA table 2.5 (imp) 

• Legal procedures + definition of exception and presumption 

• Mc Naughton’s rule (v imp) 

• Durhams rule + plea of insanity (v imp) 

For3-L-004: 

• Chapter 2 NRA court evidence and its types (imp) + table 2.3 (v imp) dying declaration and deposition  

• Shahbaz 6th edition chapter 12 Witness and its types 

For3-L-005: 

• Chapter 2 NRA Presumptions and Exception (imp) 

• Insanity and immaturity, intoxication  

• Plea of insanity (imp) Durham’s and Mc Naughten’s rule 

• Shahbaz 6th edition chapter 14, Page 307 illusion, hallucinations (definitions + table) (page 310), true and feigned insanity + testamentary capacity (page 309) 

For3-L-006: 

• NRA chapter 3 (consent definition and its types) + from Shahbaz chapter 13, page 290  

• Valid and invalid consent + procedure (Shahbaz) complete topic  

For3-L-007: 

• NRA chapter 3 Medical ethics, principles of ethics… (leave) 

For3-L-008: 

• NRA chapter 3 Professional misconduct (definition + table 3.3 + professional secrecy + privilege communication and types with fig 3.7) (v imp) 

For3-L-009: 

• Chapter 3 NRA Professional negligence (imp) types + difference with professional misconduct  

For3-L-010: 

• NRA chapter 3 fig 3.1 + page 11 (just read or leave) 

For3-L-011: 

• Shahbaz chapter 11, page 234 Hadood ordinance section 2,4,6 (v imp) natural and unnatural sexual offences 

• Chapter 4 NRA table 4.8 + page 32 (complete read) 

For3-L-012: 

• NRA chapter 4 Qisas and Diyat table 4.2 (v imp for MCQs + imp SEQ) classify hurt and its types (vv imp) 

• Classify Qatl table 4.5 (v imp) 

• Qisas Diyat definitions from Shahbaz 

For3-L-013: 

• Shahbaz chapter 14 Forensic psychiatry  

• NRA chapter 3 page 18,19 (imp seq) 

For3-L-014: 

• Shahbaz chapter 15 Child abuse (imp) 

• Battered baby syndrome and Caffey syndrome  

For3-L-015: 

• NRA chapter 4 page 32 ancient law (read or leave) 

For3-L-016: 

• NRA chapter 4 page 32,33 
• NRA chapter 4 page 34 disablement  

For3-L-017: 

• Health commission act… (leave) 

For3-L-018: 

• Consumer’s protection act… (unimportant so you can leave it) 

For3-L-019: 

• Chapter 4 NRA euthanasia definition + its views… (unimportant) 

For3-L-020: 

• NRA chapter 4 table 4.4 (imp)                                     

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY 

For3-TOX-001: 

• Shahbaz section 2 general toxicology 

• Branches for MCQs  

• Types of poisoning (v imp) 

• Classification (imp) 

For3-TOX-002: 

• Drug and poison (difference) 

• Modes of actions of poisons 

• Legal classification  

For3-TOX-003:  

• Route of administration, metabolism, and absorption (v imp) 

• Factors modifying actions of poisons (v imp) 

For3-TOX-004: 

• Duties of doctor (v imp)  

For3-TOX-005:  

• Shahbaz page 363 diagnosis of case in living  

For3-TOX-006: 

• General principles in treatment page 366-368 

• Emesis and gastric lavage (v imp) 

• Complications and contraindications of gastric lavage (vvv imp for MCQs + SEQ ) 

• Antidotes (vvvv imp) 

• Activated Charcoal (v imp) 

• Universal antidote (imp) 

• Chelators (imp) 

• Methods of removal of absorbed poison 

• Drunkenness definition  

For3-TOX-007: 

• Medicolegal importance of poisoning case  

For3-TOX-008: 

• Get an overview of the topics mentioned 

SPECIAL TOXICOLOGY 

For3-TOX-009: 

• Corrosives complete topic  

• Vitriolage (v imp) 

For3-TOX-010: 

• Vitriolage (same as above) 

• Nitric acid + sulphuric acid imp for MCQs + major diagnostic points  

• Oxalic acid (vvv imp) Christians saying in oxalic acid fetal period + doses 

• Carbonic acid (imp) 

For3-TOX-011: 

• Snake poisoning complete (vv imp) MCQs 

For3-TOX-012: 

• Inorganic poisons arsenic, lead, mercury, phosphorous (imp) 

• Features, mode of actions  

• Medicolegal importance, treatments (complete) 

• Read remaining for MCQs point of view 

For3-TOX-013:  

• Organophosphate (vvvv imp) 

For3-TOX-014: 

• Dhatura, Cannabis, cocaine, Strychnine poisoning (vvv imp) 

• Mode of action, features, treatments, fetal doses and fetal period 

• Run amok in cannabis poisoning  

• Cocaine bugs in cocaine poisoning  

For3-TOX-015: 

• Barbiturates (read)  

For3-TOX-016: 

• Opium (vvvv imp) 

• Drug dependence + drug habituation  

• Read remaining poisons 

For3-TOX-017:  

• Ethyl alcohol (vvvv imp)  

• Stages, Medicolegal importance, clinical features  

• MacEwan’s sign (Complete vvv imp) 

For3-TOX-018:  

• Carbon monoxide (vvvv imp) Complete  

• Read hydrogen Sulphide or leave it 

For3-TOX-019: 

• Cocaine (vvv imp) x-ray findings + autopsy findings (complete topic) 

• Read other stimulants or just leave 

For3-TOX-020:  

• Kerosine oil + read all 

For3-TOX-021: 

• PPD read or just leave it 

FORENSIC SEROLOGY 

• Shahbaz section 3, Page 451, just do your code wise mentioned topics 

• Must read all tests for examination and medicolegal importance 

3rd Year MBBS 

Pathology Guidelines 

UHS 9^th Block  

(Module No 20) 

Prepared by:  

                                   Savira (G13) 

Compiled by:  

                             Rukhsar Uns (G14) 

Reference Books: 

• Robbins Basic Pathology, 11^th Edition 

Note: Do all the morphologies from Ammara morphology pdf 

BLOOD VESSELS 

CV2-Pa-001 

Chapter 08 (Medium Robbins) 

Aneurysms and dissections: 

• Definition of aneurysm  

• Difference between true and false aneurysm  

• Classification of aneurysm (go through fig. 8.15 for better understanding) 

• Pathogenesis  

• Common sites: 

• Aorta 

• Abdominal aorta, especially infrarenal 

• Atherosclerosis, chronic wall stress, degenerative loss of elastin/collagen 

• Cerebral arteries 

• Circle of Willis, especially ACom, PCom–ICA junction, MCA bifurcation, basilar tip 

• Arterial branch points → abnormal/high wall shear stress 

• Popliteal artery (often behind knee) 

• Mechanical stress from knee movement + atherosclerotic/degenerative wall changes 

• Thoracic aorta 

• Aortic root/ascending aorta, arch, descending thoracic aorta 

• Hypertension, medial degeneration, connective-tissue disorders 

• Other peripheral arteries 

• Femoral, iliac, etc. 

• Atherosclerosis and local mechanical stress 

• Why are certain areas more prone? 

      Think of an artery as a pipe. 

Branch point / curve / high-pressure area 

        ↓ 

Abnormal blood-flow pattern + increased/shear wall stress 

        ↓ 

Repeated mechanical stress 

        ↓ 

Damage/degeneration of media + elastic tissue 

        ↓ 

Weak arterial wall 

        ↓ 

Aneurysm 

• Abdominal aortic aneurysm complete  

• Thoracic aortic aneurysm complete  

• Aortic dissection complete  

CV2-Pa-002 

Chapter 09 

• Morphological changes in MI 

• Table 9.2 

CV2-Pa-003 

Chapter 08  

• Vascular tumors (do complete topic) 

• Kaposi sarcoma is v imp (association with HHV-8) 

• For quick revision of classification (Table 8.4) 

CV2-Pa-004 

Chapter 09 

• Cardiac tumors (complete topic) 

3rd Year MBBS 

Pathology Guidelines 

UHS 9^th Block  

(Module No 21) 

Prepared by: 

                                Savira (G13) 

Compiled by:  

                          Rukhsar Uns (G14) 

Reference Books: 

• Pathoma (Fundamentals of Pathology) 

• Robbins Basic Pathology 11^th Edition 

• Hira Maryam (Short Book of Bacteriology) 

• Anwar Microbiology 2^nd Edition 

• Ammara Morphology PDF 

Note: Learn all morphologies from Ammara morphology pdf 

RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY 

Re-2-Pa-001 

Levinson chapter 65  

• Type 1 hypersensitivity (complete topic including atopy) 

• Examples from table 65.2 

Medium Robbins chap 11 

Re-2-Pa-002 

• Asthma  

• Complete topic including definition, types, pathogenesis and morphology + fig 11.10 (A, B) 

Re2-Pa-003 

• Chronic bronchitis  

• Learn word for word definition 

• Pathogenesis, clinical features and morphology  

• Bronchieactasis 

• Definition, pathogenesis, clinical features and morphology  

Re2-Pa-004 

• Emphysema  

• Definition  

• Classification with part of acini involved in each type 

• Pathogenesis (fig 11.6) and morphology  

Re2-Pa-005 

• Do difference between obstructive and restrictive diseases from Google in tabulated form  

• Obstructive vs restrictive disease topic from medium Robbins (Causes of each) 

• Pneumoconiosis from Medium Robbins (Chap 11 + Table 9.4 from Pathoma) 

• Morphology from Ammara morphology pdf 

Re2-Pa-006 

• Pathoma Chap 9 (table 9.1, 9.2, 9.3) 

• Types of pneumonia from Pathoma + morphology + complications written in Pathoma  

Re2-Pa-007 

• Morphology of Sarcoidosis, TB, Hypersensitivity, Pneumonitis from Ammara morphology pdf 

• TB topic from Pathoma (ghon complex-imp MCQ point) 

Re2-Pa-008 

• Hypersensitivity 4 from Levinson chapter 65 (complete topic) 

Re2-Pa-009 

• Pleural tumors (Classification from Google) 

• Read mesothelioma from Robbins (imp) + morphology  

• MCQ point (Risk factor of mesothelioma is Asbestos) 

Re2-Pa-010 

• Pathoma chapter 9 (Lung Cancer + table 9.5) 

• Laryngeal tumors from Medium Robbins (Chapter 11 last page) 

• Do morphology from Ammara morphology pdf  

• Para neoplastic syndromes associated with lung CA (paragraph just above the topic of carcinoid tumors in chap 11) 

Re2-Pa-011 

• ARDS topic from Medium Robbins chapter 11 complete topic with fig 11.2 (imp) 

• Morphology from Ammara morphology  

Re2-Pa-012-22  

• Already covered in microbiology portion, revise from there. 

3rd Year MBBS 

Pharmacology Guidelines 

UHS 9^th Block  

Prepared by:  

                          Usman Qaisar (G13) 

Compiled by:      

                                Rukhsar Uns (G14) 

Reference Books: 

• Mini Katzung Pharmacology Edition 2024-25 

• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes (you can do for classifications but Mini Katzung is more than enough) 

Chapter 11: 

• Classification table 

• High yield terms 

• Read Diuretics  

• Table 11.1 

• Figure 11.1  

• Sympathoplegics 

• Vasodilators  

• Table 11.2  

• Angiotensin and renin inhibitors  

• Figure 11.3 

• Clinical uses 

• Hypertensive emergency (v imp) 

• MCQs 

• Summary  

Chapter 12: 

• Angina definition and types (vv imp) 

• Classification 

• High yield terms 

• Determinants 

• Therapeutic strategies (give a read) 

• Nitrates (complete) v imp 

• Figure 12.3 +12.4 (vv imp) 

• Ca+ channel blockers and Beta blockers (v imp) 

• Compile adverse effects of Ca and Beta blockers at one place 

• Table 12.1 (v imp) 

• Newer drugs  

• MCQs 

• Summary  

Chapter 13: 

• Flow chart 

• Read pathophysiology 

• High yield terms 

• Figure 13.1, 13.2 

• Cardiac glycosides (complete) (vvvv imp) 

• Figure 13.3 

• Table 13.1 + 13.2  

• Other drugs 

• You should know the drugs for acute and chronic HF 

• MCQs and Summary  

Chapter 14: 

• Classification  

• Start chapter from Group 1 antiarrhythmic, uses and toxicities  

• Table 14.1 

• Group 2 MOA, uses and toxicity  

• Group 3 Uses and toxicities  

• Amiodarone toxicities (it causes Smurfs syndrome, blueness) 

• Group 4 (v imp) 

• Miscellaneous drugs  

• Non pharmacological treatment  

• Must give a look to all pictures 

• MCQs 

• Summary  

Chapter 35: 

• Classification  

• Read hyperlipoproteinemia 

• HMG CoA inhibitors 

• Resins 

• Ezetimibe 

• Niacin (imp one) 

• Fibric acid derivatives  

• Drugs for HFH 

• MCQs and Summary (must) 

Chapter 16: 

A very interesting and imp chapter 

• Must do the classification of all drugs 

• Histamine  

• Table 16.1 (vv imp) 

• H1 antagonist  

• H2 antagonist 

• Serotonin agonist 

• Serotonin Antagonist  

• Table 16.2 

• Ergot alkaloids  

• Table 16.3 

• Summary plus MCQs  

Chapter 20: 

Most important chapter 

• Classification  

• Read pathophysiology  

• Strategies  

• Beta agonist 

• Figure 20.2 

• Methylxanthines (imp one)  

• Muscarinic antagonist  

• Corticosteroids  

• Leukotriene antagonist  

• Fig 20.3 

• Cromolyn and nedocromil 

• Anti IgE 

• MCQs + summary 

3rd Year MBBS 

Community Medicine Guidelines 

UHS 9^th Block  

Prepared by: 

                               Alisha Athar (G13) 

Compiled by:  

                         Rukhsar Uns (G14) 

Reference Books: 

• Excel Community Medicine 14th edition 

Note: 

• In Community Medicine, definitions are very important so memorize them word for word.  

• After that, general knowledge with logical understanding is required.  

• Read the topic carefully and build your concepts. 

CM-004  

Chapter 04 

• Learn all the definitions before communicable diseases (v imp for viva and MCQs) 

• Control of infections 

Chapter 06 

• Immunology (read)  

• Terms and definitions  

• Herd immunity complete (imp) 

• Immunizing agents (complete) 

CM-002 

Chapter 3 

Note: Whole chapter is very important 

• Definition Epidemiology 

• Uses (just names) 

• Epidemiological approach (concept) 

• Basic measures in epidemiology  

• Tools of measurements (v imp) 

• Frequency 

• Measures of mortality (each and every formula) (v imp) 

• Measures of morbidity (v imp) 

• Measures of disability and fatality (from Park/ChatGPT) 

• Frequency, determinants (v imp each and everything) 

• Epidemiology bathtub (v imp) 

• Epidemiological methods (v imp) (complete) 

• Case control study (complete) 

• Cohort study (complete)  

• Experimental studies (complete types and steps are v imp)  

• Blinding (v imp) 

• Association and causation (definitions, classification, and examples) 

• Types of association (v imp Proff MCQs) 

• Web of causation  

• Epidemic types (v imp) 

• Epidemic investigation steps (read) 

• Bias (definition and types) (v imp) 

• Components of validity + table 

• Confounding (definition, example, effects, controlling of confounding) (v imp) 

• Placebo 

• Surveillance  

• Survey  

Chapter 07 

• Screening (Definition, uses, types, criteria of disease, screening test) (v imp) 

• Sensitivity, Specificity, Accuracy, Evaluation of screening test (all very imp) 

• Sampling (v imp) 

CMFH1-CM-001 

Chapter 10 

• Primary Health Care definition as it is (vvv imp for viva) 

• Components of PHC 

• Principles of PHC 

• Health care for all by year 2000 

• Definition (WHO) learn as it is, word for word 

• Global target for HFA by 2000 

• Causes of failure of HFA 

• Health planning cycle (v imp) 

• 7-star Doctor 

• Levels of health care (complete topic) 

• BHU (4 points + services) read the rest for MCQs 

• RHC (introduction paragraph + facilities + services)  

• THQ 

• DHQ 

• TH 

• Duties of LHV (read) 

• Duties of LHW + catchment area (read) 

• Difference between BHU and RHC (v imp) 

From ChatGPT 

These topics are not important. Read them from ChatGPT  

• National disease control programs 

• Role of Federal and provincial governments  

• Role of NGOs and international agencies 

• Community mobilization 

CM-003 

Chapter 11 

• Water, uses of water (read) 

• Classification of water (imp) 

• Types of wells, types of springs 

• Sanitary well (imp) 

• Cone of filtration 

• Water pollution (read) 

• Hazards of water pollution (imp) 

• Criteria for quality of water (vvv imp) 

• WHO standard for safe water supply (vvv imp) 

• Hardness of water (complete) 

• Purification of water (complete along with chlorination) 

• Definitions (learn word to word as it is) 

• Tests for free chlorine (names) 

• Slow sand Filter (Proff MCQs) 

• Rapid sand Filter (Proff MCQs) 

• Purification of water on small scale (vvv imp) 

• Swimming pool sanitation 

• Sampling of water  

• Water related diseases (extremely high yield topic). Do it complete 

• Air ventilation (read for MCQs) 

• Effects of polluted air (vvv imp) 

• Green house effect and global warming  

• Housing (complete imp for MCQs) 

• Noise (complete) 

• Acceptable noise levels (table) imp viva 

• Effects of noise exposure 

• Climate and Health (read) 

• Effects of heat stress  

• Effects of cold stress 

• Solid waste disposal (imp) 

• Methods of excreta disposal (just do headings, and read details of each once) 

• Septic tank (for OSPE) 

• Definitions at last page (learn word to word) 

CM-005 

Chapter 18 

Note: This chapter contains general information so read it thoroughly and make concise key points. 

• Communication (definition and components)  

• Shannon weaver communication model (v imp) 

• Types of communications (v imp) 

• Methods (imp) 

• Barrier of communications  

• Functions of communication (names and just read) 

• Health education (definition, aims, stages) (imp) 

• Contents of health education (imp) 

• Methods of maintaining behavior (imp) 

• Models (vvvv imp) 

• Principles of health education (names) (imp) 

• Program plan and evaluation of program (v imp) 

• Difference between health education and propaganda 

• Difference between information and education (ChatGPT)  

• Role of health care provider (ChatGPT)  

• Social marketing (ChatGPT) 

Integrated LOs 

Re2-M-005 

Chapter 04  

• TB, diphtheria, whooping cough 

• Meningococcal meningitis and influenza from ChatGPT 

Chapter 16  

• Pneumoconiosis 

Chapter 06  

• BCG  

• EPI from summary (v imp for MCQs as well as OSPE) 

Prepared by:

                                Usman Qaisar (G13)    

Compiled by:

                            Rukhsar Uns (G14)

Reference Books:

• Mini Katzung Pharmacology

Tips:

• Read the scenario carefully, questions are often just about drug of choice but their MOA, adverse effects, and contraindications are equally important, so always learn a drug as a complete package, not in isolation.
• Know your drug classes and MOA. Once you understand how a drug works, its side effects and contraindications often make logical sense on their own.
• Revision is non-negotiable — you cannot retain everything in one go. Revisit regularly and focus on connecting concepts rather than cramming facts, because understanding always outlasts memorization.
• When tackling an MCQ, read the last line first — the actual question — then go back to the stem so you know what to look for.
• If you don’t know the answer, use elimination method — remove the most obvious wrong answers — always helps.
• Must do MCQs from Mini Katzung

UHS 8^th Block

 (Module No 16)

N-Ph-001 + N-Ph-002

• Some part ofthese LOs are actually from chapter 54 of Mini Katzung but this will not cover all of our topics from LOs.
• You can do it from pdfs shared by Dr. Armughan. These will cover each and every thing. You can simply do the highlighted things only.

UHS 8th Block 

 (Module No 17)

ID-Ph001

Chapter 43:

• Classification chart
• High yield terms
• Penicillins
• Cephalosporins
• Other beta lactam drugs
• Other membrane active agents
• Exercise MCQs
• Summary

ID-Ph002

Chapter 44:

• Classification chart
• High yield terms
• Inhibitors of protein synthesis+ MOA
• Fig 44.1
• Chloramphenicol
• Tetracyclins
• Macrolides
• Telithromycin
• Clindamycin
• Streptogramins
• Linezolid
• Exercise MCQs
• Summary

Chapter 45:

• Complete

Chapter 46:

• Classification chart
• Antifolate drugs
• Fig 46.1
• Fluoroquinolones
• Exercise MCQs
• Summary
  
  

ID-Ph003+004

Chapter 47:

• Classification chart
• Drugs for TB
• Drugs for Leprosy
• Summary

ID-Ph005

Chapter 52:

• Classification chart
• Drugs for Malaria
• Table 52.1 (v imp)
• Drugs for Amebiasis
• Table 52.2
• Drugs for Pneumocystosis and Toxoplasmosis
• Drugs for Trypanosomiasis
• Drugs for Leishmaniasis
• Table 52.3
• Exercise MCQs
• Summary

ID-Ph006

Chapter 53:

• First do Classification chart then table 53.1 then just MOA of all drugs
• Exercise MCQs

ID-Ph007

Chapter 48:

• Do classification chart then fig 48.1 (main part done)
• Give remaining chapter a read
• Exercise MCQS

ID-ph008

Chapter 49:

• Classification chart
• Table 49.1
• Fig 49.1
• Anti-herpes drug
• Cram all the drugs names+ Fig 49.2
• Read remaining
• Anti-HIV drugs
• Table 49.2
• Read remaining part at least once
• Anti influenza drugs (4)
• Viral hepatitis
• IFN alpha (vv.imp)
• Remaining drugs and their uses
• Exercise MCQs
• Summary

UHS 8th Block

(Module No 18)

MS2-Ph001+002

Chapter 36:

• Classification chart
• Aspirin and other nonselective NSAIDs
• Read classification, MOA, effects
• Pharmacokinetics and use and toxicity (most imp part of chapter)
• Acetaminophen—Toxicity (imp)
• DMARDs (read)
• MOA and effects
• Do names from table 36.2 as well
• Drugs in gout (Complete)

Prepared by:

                         Kisa e Zahra (G12)

                         Alisha Athar (G13)

                         Savira (G13)

Compiled by:

                            Rukhsar Uns (G14)

Reference Books:

• Anwar Microbiology 2^nd Edition
• Sketchy Microbiology

Note:

• Sketchy + Anwar (this is the best combo for microbiology and you have to prepare everything in this) 
• You can also use Levinson as it is standard book for your better understanding.

ID-Pa-001

• For clinical bacteriology basic steps should always be on your fingertips like staining, morphology, virulence factors, special disease by microbe etc

Gram +ve Microbes

• Anwar Chapter No. 12, 14
• Levinson Chapter No. 15, 17(All tables are imp)

Important Points for Bacteria

• Staph aureus (all diseases caused by this i.e. Kawasaki disease and others, its cell wall components and pathogenesis)
• For Strep, know about it’s hemolysis, classification and strep pyogenes is imp one
• Clostridium classification+imp diseases caused by them
• Bacillus (imp) caused by reheated rice
• Corynebacterium pathogenesis and diseases (imp)
• Read  Listeria and Gardenella

Gram -ve Cocci

• Anwar  Chapter No. 13
• Levinson Chapter No. 16
  • Neisseria species are imp (specially their pathogenesis and lab diagnosis)

Gram -ve Rods

• Anwar Chapter #15
• Levinson Chapter # 18+19
  • E.coli (most imp) it’s pathogenesis, it’s ETEC and EHEC form and lab diagnosis
  • Salmonella (imp pathogenesis, rose spots, lab diagnosis)
  • Shigella (pathogenesis)
  • Vibrio (imp pathogenesis+ rice watery stools + lab diagnosis)
  • Proteus (pathogenesis+ urease positive + staghorn canaliculi)
  • Pseudomonas (imp pigments + diseases + patho)
  • H.pylori and camplylobacter (read+ sketchy)
  • Actinomyces (only sketchy)

Lab diagnosis are important that will differ microbes like MacConkey’s agar, urease test, TSI test colour.

Spirochetes

• Anwar Chapter No. 21
• Levinson Chapter No. 24
• Traponema (imp one) it’s types, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis
• Borrelia and Leptospira (read)

Mycobacterium

• Anwar Chapter No. 18
• Levinson Chapter No. 21
  • Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is most imp. you should do everything (pathogenesis, diseases, lab diagnosis) (imp)
  •  Laprae (imp) and it’s two types difference

Rickettsia and Chlamydia

• Anwar Chapter # 22, 23
• Just do sketchy and anwar

ID-Pa-002

Parasitology

(Ayesha Batool notes are best for Parasitology)

• Do all the parasites mentioned in your LOs from these notes

ID-Pa-003

Mycology

• Do the following chapters from Levinson
  • Chapter 48
  • Chapter 49
  • Chapter 50

ID-Pa-004

Virology

• Virology is more than enough from Anwar
• Always remember imp points that will help in diagnosis

Anwar Chapter No. 31:

• Complete

Anwar Chapter No. 32:

• Influenza (important it’s types+ antigenic drift and shift and pathogenesis factors)
• Measles, Mumps
• Rabies (most imp) (it’s pathogenesis and incubation period and vaccine)
• Rubella

Anwar Chapter # 33:

• Corona virus (important) it’s pathogenesis

Anwar Chapter # 34:

• Polio virus (imp) (it’s mode of transmission + pathogenesis + it’s vaccine types)
• Reovirus

Anwar Chapter # 35:

• Hepatitis B is most imp among them
  • Serological findings
  • Clinical features
  • Pathogenesis
  • Window period
• Read other hepatitis types

Anwar Chapter # 36:

• Dengue virus (very imp)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever hypothesis
  • Lab diagnosis

Anwar Chapter # 37:

• Just do table

Anwar Chapter # 38:

• HIV (most imp)
  • Pathogenesis
  • Cycle
  • Stages of AIDS
  • Lab diagnosis

ID-Pa-005

Microbes Causing CNS Infections

• For meningitis this will help:
  • Less than 2 Months (Neonates and Young Infants)
    • Streptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
    • Escherichia Coli (E. coli)
    • Listeria Monocytogenes
  • More than 2 Months (Infants and Young Children)
    • Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
    • Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningococcus)
  • 2-18 Years (Children and Adolescents)
    • Neisseria Meningitidis (Meningococcus)
  • More than 18 Years (Adults)
    • Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
  • Immunocompromised Individuals (e.g. HIV positive, Drug Users)
    • Listeria Monocytogenes

Important Note: If a child is unvaccinated then Haemophilus influenzae becomes a very significant, often the number 1 cause of bacterial meningitis in this age group.

(Note: Correlate above knowledge)

ID-Pa-006

• GIT problems
• Correlate above knowledge
• Hepatitis guidelines mention in virology part
• Entamoeba in parasitic part

ID-Pa-007

• GIT infections
• Correlate from above knowledge

ID-Pa-008

• Rickettsia and leptospira mention in above bacteriology guidelines
• Anthrax, Plague, Francisella, Bartonella and Brucella (do table from Anwar chapter 17 and sketchy)

Prepared by:

                             Savira (G13)

Compiled by:

                           Rukhsar Uns (G14)

Reference Books:

• Robbins and Kumar Basic Pathology (Medium Robbins) Eleventh Edition
• Pathoma Fundamentals Of Pathology

NOTE: Do all the morphologies from Ammara morphology pdf (v. imp)

Chapter 19:

MS2-Pa-001

• Osteomyelitis (page 688)

Bone Tumors:

Note: Scenario is asked. Giant cell tumor, ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma are more imp. Focus on location, age bracket, any special finding (like soap bubble in giant cell) and associations

• Table 19.1
• Osteoid Osteoma and Ostoblastoma
• Osteosarcoma
• Osteochondroma
• Chondroma
• Ewing Sarcoma
• Giant Cell Tumor

Soft Tissue Tumors:

• Table 19.3
• Tumors of Adipose Tissue
• Skeletal Muscle Tumors
• Smooth Muscle Tumors

Joints:

Note: Start from page 698 (v. imp topics. Do the below mentioned topics along with causes, pathogenesis, clinical fearures,  lab findings and treatment)

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Fig 19.34
• Table 19.2
• Gout and Pseudogout (v. imp for mcqs and ospe station)

Paget Disease:

• On page 686

Chapter 8:

MS2-Rh-004

• Vasculitis (page no. 292 to 299)
• Table 8.3