Prepared by:
Hanzala Masood (G-14)
Compiled by:
Jawad Ashraf (G-14)
Reference Books:
- Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions 10th edition
- BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy 8th edition
THORAX
Important Note:
- This part of Anatomy is easy when done in a proper way.
- First of all use Snell as main book for thorax. However there are several points and LOs in the curriculum which are not in Snell or not properly written in Snell. For them go for BD
- In Snell there are 2 chapters of Thorax (Chp 4&5)
- For clinicals use TH Clinicals but must give a good read to clinicals from Snell as many lines of Snell were asked as it is in our proff
- For practice use BRS gross anatomy (scenario mcqs) & past papers
- Proff Qs
- Nerve supply of diaphragm, structures passing through diaphragm, bronchopulmonary segment, root of lung(draw), mediastinal syndrome it’s symptoms and effects (clinical v.v.imp). Guidelines are mentioned according to your LOs
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(Module No 4)
CV-A-001
- Mediastinum (boundaries & contents) v.v.imp rom BD chp 17 complete
- Superior vena cava (imp) from BD chp 19
- Aorta (imp) complete from Snell chp 5
- Must Do relations of Aortic arch from BD chp 19 (also try to do of ascending and descending aorta but arch is most imp)
- Azygous+Hemizygous+Accessory Hemizygous veins (extremely imp) from BD chp 14
- do it completely as they are frequently asked in exams (skip relations)
- Nerve Supply of Heart from Snell chp 5 (under the topic extrinsic nerve supply)
CV-A-002
- Pericardium (v.imp ) from Snell +
- nerve supply from Snell
- Blood supply: Internal Thoracic + Musculophrenic + Descending Aorta
- Pericardial sinuses transverse and oblique (v.v.imp ) complete from BD + their Boundaries (college block 3 seq )
CV-A-003
- External features of heart + openings in heart (just give a good read to this topic from Snell chp 5) They are mainly asked in Ospe and viva especially on model. So try to do it on heart model and study all landmarks written in text
- Moderator Band imp for written
- Arterial supply: Coronary arteries (v.v.imp) complete from Snell chp 5
- Left and Right coronary artery branches + variations in coronary arteries+ anastomosis + table 5.3 all from Snell chp 5
- Venous drainage of heart from Snell chp 5
- Cardiac Plexus from BD chp 18 imp
- Fibrous Skeleton of heart + valves from Snell chp 5 (imp)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(Module No 5)
Re-A-001
- This portion has to be covered from Snell chp 12 (Head and Neck portion)
- For Nasal cavity, Pharynx & Larynx give a read to their Anatomical features
- Prepare Neurovascular supplies and Lymph drainage of all these (imp)
- If you’ve time just give read to clinicals of Larynx (Laryngeal nerve lesions & piriform fossa)
- NOTE: Only 2-3 mcqs were asked from these topics
Re-A-002
- Trachea complete with relations from Snell chp 5
Re-A-003
- Superior thoracic aperture from BD
- Inferior thoracic aperture or DIAPHRAGM
- NOTE: Inferior thoracic aperture is nothing but diaphragm. You’ve to do from Snell from chp 4 pg 202-204 (don’t skip any point and also do clinicals)
- V.V.IMP: Just do a table of openings and structures passing through these openings of diaphragm from BD chp 12 table 12.1 memorise it completely as it is always asked either in written or in Viva
- Thoracic outlet syndrome v.v.imp
Re-A-(004 + 006 + 007)
- Diff b/w typical + atypical rib (extremely imp)
- Rib viva me sunate hue lazmi lazmi pta hona chahye whether it’s typical / atypical
- Typical rib (complete)
- 1st rib (complete)
- 2nd rib (complete)
- Sternum (easiest bone of thorax). Do it complete
- Diff b/w typical + atypical vertebrae (vv imp)
- Viva me vertebrae differentiate krna ana chahye
- Thoracic vertebrae ka diff sunte h viva me baqi vertebrae se (vv imp)
- Vertebrae ke just bony feature krne h. Buht easy h. Abhi ache se kr le ge to 2nd Year me easy lge ga
- Respiratory movments (pg 234) vvv imp seq. Do it complete till pg 236. Buht se viva ques bhi ha is me
- Must remember classification of ribs (vertebrochondral vertebrosternal etc. and also that which Rib number belongs to which category)
- Joints of Thorax from BD chp 13
- For ligaments just do their names
- All clinicals
- Kyphosis, Scoliosis, Sternal biopsy, Sternotomy, Sternal fractures all clinicals imp.
Re-A-005
- Thoracotomy (imp clinical)
- Intercostal muscles (imp)
- Do intercostal muscles from Snell chp 4 pg 200-202 complete
- Completely cover the headings of intercostal muscles + their actions+ nerve supply (main things asked are their actions NV supply and also their difference like direction of fibers etc) All this will be covered from Snell pg 200- 202
- Intercostal space form Snell chp 4
- In the topic of I.C space, 7 layers are written memories these 7 layers and make mnemonic (v.v.imp)
- Question is usually asked that IF WE HAVE TO PERFORM LUNG BIOPSY, WHICH LAYERS WILL BE PIERCED the answer is these 7 layers (V.imp asked in both clg block 3 and PROFF viva)
- Contents of IC space: Intercostal (Vein+ Artery+ Nerve) Mnemonic: VAN (imp)
Re-A-008
- Endothoracic Fascia Snell chp 4
- Suprapleural membrane or Sibson’s Fascia + attachments (imp) from Snell chp 4
Re-A-009
- Joints of Thorax from BD chp 13
- For ligaments just do their names
- Mechanics of Respiration (v.v.imp topic) you can cover it from BD but more preferred is that take a good lecture and then cover it from Snell )
- Vertical Diameter (Piston Pump Mechanism) From Picture
- Ant.Post diameter (pump handle mechanism) from topic
- Transverse diameter (bucket handle mechanism) from Topic
- Muscles involved in respiratory movements (from picture)
Re-A-010
- Intercostal arteries
- Posterior intercostal arteries from BD chp chp 14 complete
- Anterior intercostal arteries from BD chp 14 complete
- Intercostal veins from BD chp 14 complete (must do table 14.2 from BD)
- Intercostal nerves from Snell chp 4 pg 204-5
- Alternate routes v.imp (will be covered from TH clinicals)
Re-A-011
- Dermatomes not v.imp
- Rest will be covered in clinicals
Re-A-012
- This LO is about Diaphragm (for this see previous points above under Re-A-003)
Re-A-013
- Complete Topic of PLEURA from Snell chp 5 (Layers + recesses + divisions + Nerve supply) all very very imp
- Blood supply and lymph drainage (picture)
- Diff b/w parietal and visceral pleura from BD chp 15 table 15.1
- All clinicals v.v.imp
Re-A-014
- Anatomical features of lungs from Snell chp 5
- Diff bw features of Right and Left Lungs from BD chp 16.2
- Pulmonary Ligament (covered in topic of Pleura)
- Root of lung (v.imp) from BD chp 16
- In root of lung cover following headings from BD: Contents+ arrangement of structures in root+ Relations of root (pg 267)
- Lobes and Fissures from Snell chp 5 pg 232 + table 5.1 v.imp.
- Bronchopulmonary segments complete (extremely imp) from Snell chp 5 pg 233-234 (don’t skip anything)
- Also know how to draw (diagram in BD) plus you can watch any video for their diagram as diagram is sometimes asked in exams.
- Blood supply, Nerve Supply, and Lymph drainage from Snell chp 5
- All clinicals (bronchoscopy, thoracentesis imp) are imp.
Note: Apparently guidelines seem scattered and keep on switching between Snell and BD — but it is to cover every topic in a proper and in an understandable way. So, when you study thorax, study Snell and BD side by side according to guidelines.