Prepared by:
Harram Sameer (G15)
Muhammad Bilal Tariq (G15)
Compiled by:
Muhammad Ahmed Bhatti (G14)
Reference Books:
- Langman Medical Embryology 14th Edition
Note:
- Make flow charts for all developments.
- Don’t stick to every single line.
AXIAL SKELETON
Chapter 10:
- Do development of ribs and sternum given at the end of LANGMAN CH#10
- Anomalies mentioned like cervical rib, Cleft sternum, pectus carinatum and excavatum (Imp)
- Do development of vertebrae and vertebral column from LANGMAN CH#10
- Anomalies are very imp for MCQs…
Chapter 7:
- Do development of Diaphragm and thoracic cavity from LANGMAN CH#7(Do it thoroughly till the end of chapter)
- You must know about the Sources of diaphragm(4 sources)…You can listen to DR Azam’s lecture(It cover whole topic with clinical)
- Must do anomalies Such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia etc….All are very imp and can be asked in both MCQs and VIVA as well…
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Chapter 13:
- This chapter is tricky to understand, for this firstly take Lecture to Grasp the Concept properly and then readout the textbook thoroughly. Otherwise, you will not be able to retain it.
- It is preferable to do the labeling of diagrams side by side for ospe while preparing the theory because there are a lot of diagrams in Chap 13 which makes it difficult to prepare all the diagrams in a single day .
CV-A-004 & CV-A-005:
Lecture: Dr Azam, Ninja Nerd or Byte Sized Med
- For Early development of heart , do :
- Establishment and patterning of primary heart field ( for mcqs)
- Formation and positioning of heart tube
- Formation of cardiac loop (vvvimp)
- For Early Development of blood vessels, do:
- Arterial and Venous System given under the topic of Vascular Development
- Development of Pericardial Cavity from any short book
- For Parts of primitive heart tube and its folding , do the formation of cardiac loop
- For Development of various chambers of heart and their partitioning , do :
- Development of sinus venosus ( imp for mcqs)
- Formation of cardiac septa (vvimp)
- Septum formation in common atrium (imp)
- Formation of left atrium and pulmonary vein
- Septum formation in Atrioventricular Canal
- Septum formation in truncus arteriosus and conus cordis (vimp)
- Septum formation in ventricles (imp)
Must take lectures for these topics (Otherwise it will be difficult to Understand)
- Identify parts of heart tube and structures derived from it ( imp for mcqs as well as ospe)
CV-A-006:
Lecture: Dr Azam , Ninja Nerd or Byte Sized Med
- Dextrocardia and ectopia cordis given in clinical correlates (vvimp)
- For Partitioning of primordial heart , Do septum formation in Common Atrium and septum formation in Atrioventricular Canal
- Development of sinus venosus ( imp)
- Atrial septal defects ( vvvimp)
- Probe patent foramen ovale ( from any short book)
- Partitioning of truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis (vvvimp)
- Formation of ventricles and interventricular septum (imp)
- Ventricular septal defects( vvvimp)
- Development of cardiac valves and conducting system
- Development of Lymphatic System ( not imp, but you should have a concept of it)
- Must do All the clinicals In between.
- Table 13.1 Not important (Just Go through for MCQs )
- Table 13.2 (Important)
CV-A-007:
Lecture for Development of Arterial System: Dr Azam
- Developmental defects of heart : Tetralogy of fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, unequal division of arterial trunks, transposition of great vessels, valvular stenosis and coarctation of aorta ( vvimp)
- Formation and fate of pharyngeal arch arteries given under the heading of Vascular Development, Table 13.3 ( Derivatives of Aortic Arch) is vvvimp . Vitelline, Umbilical and coronary Arteries are also important for MCQs
- Coarctation of Aorta and Anomalous Arteries (given under the clinical correlates of arterial System)
- Clinicals of arterial System are very Important
CV -A-008:
Lecture: Dr Azam, Ninja Nerd or Medico Visuals
- Development of embryonic veins : Vitelline, umbilical, common cardinal veins and their fate( given under the heading of venous system)
- Formation of superior & inferior Vena Cava and portal vein with their congenital anomalies (given under the heading of venous system) vvimp especially formation of Inferior Vena Cava and clinicals of venous system
CV-A-009:
Lecture: Brainless Medicose, Byte Sized Med or Ninja Nerd
- Derivatives of fetal vessels and structures from Langman chap 13 given under the heading of circulatory changes at birth (vvimp)
- Fetal and neonatal circulation with transitional neonatal circulation and its clinical implications from Langman chap 13 under the heading of Circulation before and after birth, The five sites of mixing of blood are very important.
CV-A-010:
- Atrial septal defects along with their embryological basis and features ( under the heading of heart defects) vvimp
- Patent foramen ovale from any short book.
- Developmental defects of heart : Tetralogy of fallot, persistent ductus arteriosus, unequal division of arterial trunks , transposition of great vessels and valvular stenosis (given in clinical correlates) vvvimp
Most Important Clinicals:
- Dextrocardia
- Ectopia cordis
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Patent ductus arteriosus
- Unequal division of arterial trunks
- Transposition of great
- Vessels and Valvular stenosis
- Coarctation of aorta
- Ebstein Anomaly
Note: These are most important clinicals but you have to do all the clinicals because MCQs can be asked from any of the clinicals.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Chapter 14:
Note: Do watch Ninja Nerd Lecture for it as well before Reading. It is a very Easy Chapter.
- LO#1 For this first read Formation of lung bud at the start of chapter Then understand thoroughly the Development of Larynx,Trachea and Bronchi..
- LO#2 Do tracheoesophageal fistula from clinical correlates…Its types are written in description of pic must read those and Read VACTERL associations..(Vvvv Imp topic)
- LO#3 For lung development and maturation first read from book then make a flowchart
- Also do Table 14.1 thoroughly…Must know the time frame and events of different phases
- LO#4 Do all of these clinicals competely as they are Vvv imp…
Note: After Doing Any Chapter of Embryology, Do Go through the Questions written at the End of Each chapter. In Proff Exams, Exact Those statements were Asked in SEQ Questions. So, you must have to go Through these Questions at the End. Answer key of these Questions is given at the End of Langman.