Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Reference Books:
Jaypee Essentials of Medical Physiology 6th Edition
Recommended lectures:
Medical gateway
Byte sized med
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
THE HEART
Chapter 9:
(CV-P-001 and 002)
Complete chapter.
Fig 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8(Imp)
Physiological anatomy of cardiac muscles
Importance of intercalated disc
Properties of cardiac muscles
Phases of action potential of ventricle
Phases of action potential of SA node
Mechanism of self excitation of SA node
Refractory period with types and duration (from any short book)
Excitation contraction coupling mechanism
Pressure and volume changes in left ventricle during cardiac cycle
Cardiac cycle (most imp) complete (phases which are systole and diastole with events occurring in these phases)
Relationship of cardiac cycle with ECG and heart sounds
Atrial pressure waves in relation to cardiac cycle (in blue box)(imp for viva)
Aortic pressure curve (phases) with dicrotic notch or incisura (imp for viva) (from AI)
Definitions and normal values of cardiac output, stroke volume, end diastolic volume, and end systolic volume.
Frank starling mechanism( imp)
Autonomic regulation of heart
Effect of calcium, potassium and temperature on heart
Definitions of chronotropic, bromotropic, dromotropic, and ionotropic effects. (Given below)
Location of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in heart
(Adrenergic receptors are located in atria and ventricles
Cholinergic receptors are found in atria, especially SA node)
Receptors present in coronary arterioles (adenosine receptors present in coronary arterioles, help in regulating blood flow)
Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects.
Chapter 10:
(CV-P- 003, Ectopic Pacemaker)
Read the chapter thoroughly and mark the mcq points.
fig 10.2 and 10.4
Conducting system of heart
AV nodal delay with significance (imp)
Control of excitation and conduction in heart (ectopic pacemaker)
Why is the SA node considered the heart’s pacemaker?
Chapter 11:
(CV-P-004)
(Read whole chapter for concept)
Normal ECG labelling, characteristics and time intervals
(vv imp for MCQs and Ospe as there is a separate station for ECG in Ospe)
Memorize name, placements and polarity of leads.
Einthoven’s law (v imp) and Einthoven’s triangle .
Chapter 12:
(CV-P-004)
(Read whole chapter for concept)
Fig 12.2 and 12.3
Mean electrical axis.
Physiological basis of upright T wave in normal ECG
Current of injury, including location and significance of J point (imp)
ECG changes in angina pectoris and myocardial infarction
(must do 4-5 changes )(imp)(from any short book or Al)
T wave abnormalities (v important)
Physiological and pathological causes of right and left deviation of axis of heart
Do the flowchart given below( can be done from AI)
Effect of electrolytes:
(CV-P-005)
Chapter 13:
(CV-P-006)
Most important chapter.
Complete except paroxysmal tachycardia
AV block, ventricular fibrillation (v.v.imp)
Also compare fibrillation and flutter
Should be able to recognize ECGs
(ECG changes are given and you have to identify the associated disorder
from the given options)
CIRCULATION
Chapter 14, 15, 16:
(CV-P-007 and 008)
From Firdaus
Starling forces and Reynold’s number (with significance) are important
Functional parts of circulation
Pressures in systemic and pulmonary circulation
Types of Blood Flow
Chapter 17:
(CV-P-009)
Complete (Guyton)
Chapter 18:
(CV-P-010 and 011)
From Guyton (v.imp)
Do all reflexes and make flow charts of them
Figure 18.10 (vv imp.)
Chapter 19:
(CV-P-012)
(You may read the whole chapter if you want,
but only three topics are included in your LOs)
MEMORIZE three flowcharts: fig 19.6, fig 19.9, fig 19.12 (imp)
Chapter 20:
(CV-P-013)
Normal values
Cardiac index
Hyper and hypo-effective heart
Nervous control
Physiological and pathologically high and low CO.
Venous return (read and focus on headings)
Different methods for measuring cardiac output ( only names and fick’s oxygen method)
Chapter 21:
(CV-P-014 and 015)
(Can do from Firdous)
Regulation of skeletal muscle blood pressure
Physiological anatomy of coronary circulation
Regulation of coronary blood flow
Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and subendocardial infarction.
Chapter 23:
Heart sounds (v.v.v.imp) Table Given
Full chapter is v important
Should be able to recognize phonocardiograms.
Chapter 24:
Most important
Scenario based MCQS
Do it complete from Guyton
Note: Watch Dr. Najeeb ECG lectures for UNDERSTANDING, however nothing from them will be asked in exam, it is only to understand how characteristic ECG is produced
Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry 8th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Satya narayana Biochemistry 6th Edition
Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry 30th edition
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(Module No 04)
Chapter: 3 (From Satya)
CV-B-001
Classification of lipids (V.important for both MCQs and Viva)
You must know the examples of each class and subclass and should be able to distinguish them in MCQs.
CV-B-002
Biomedical importance & functions of lipids (Imp)
CV-B-003
Fatty acids and its classification (V.imp from MCQs perspective)
Nomenclature of fatty acids + how to number carbon atoms (when starting from COOH group, numbering is 1,2,3… when starting from terminal CH3 group, numbering is w1, w2, w3….) , examples of w3, w6, w9 fatty acids
Difference between w3 and w6 fatty acids (imp)
Classification on the basis of:
Even and odd number of carbons
Double bond :Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids (Mono and Poly unsaturated)
Omega carbon w3 and w6 (as explained above) also harpers table 21.2
Essential, Conditionally essential and Non essential fatty acids with examples (V.imp) , toad skin in deficiency of essential fatty acid (imp)
Cis and Trans fatty acids
Cyclic fatty acids with example
Hydroxy fatty acid with example
Trans fatty acid with example and its harmful effects (V.imp)
Below topics are not in the LO’s but still we get lots of questions from them in both block as well as in proff
Functions of triacylglycerol (v.v.v.imp)
Saponification (imp)
Rancidity (imp) antioxidants examples (v.imp)
Iodine number (v.imp) , represents degree of unsaturation , if more double bond present , then iodine number of fat/oil is high
RM number , soluble volatile fatty acids are higher in pure fat so if RM number is higher it means there is less adulteration of fat
Saponification number (imp) , tells about molecular size, small chain fatty acids have higher S.N
Acid number , if there is bacterial or chemical contamination, A.N is higher
Glycolipids (also called as glycosphingolipids) and its classes (cerebrosides & gangliosides) (v.v.imp)
Phospholipid classification (Glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids) complete with functions of each subclass (v.imp)
Structure of Phosphatidylcholine or Lecithin (v.imp)
Functions of plasmalogens and Cardiolipin (v.v.v.imp)
As a whole functions of phospholipids (v. imp)
Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratio = 2:1 after 30th week —-> Lung maturity Infant respiratory distress syndrome (v.v.v.imp)
Amphipathic lipids
Emulsion (read) liposome
CV-B-004
Lipid peroxidation (v.v.v imp) , prepare it from the PDF shared
Chapter: 17(From Lippincott)
CV-B-005
Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes (Lippincott chap 17), also Fig 17.23 for functions only (v.v imp)
COX1 and COX2 difference (v.imp)
Anti-inflammatory agents (v.imp)
Difference between thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin (v.v.v imp)
Effect of Aspirin in Low dose aspirin therapy (imp)
https://youtube/-JOn8g8LvwE?si=NvXQb_oGw1yhKp9w
Chapter: 18(From Lippincott)
CV-B-006
Lipoprotein metabolism & disorders (pg # 252 to pg # 262), figures are very important for understanding , after doing from book go through that topic from the notes shared to get a stronger grip on your concepts.
Regulations of cholesterol (fig 18.21) imp
Foam cells (imp) HDL role (imp)
CV-B-007
Hyperlipidemias from pics & PDF shared
This is a very important topic, questions are asked every time in Proff from this topic
Must learn the symptoms, causes, names of each type, which type of lipid is higher in blood as scenario based questions are asked from this topic in Written and OSPE both
Chapter: 28 (From Lippincott)
CV-B-008/CV-B-009
Vitamins (Lippincott chap 28 complete)
Classification from fig.28.1
All vitamins are (v.v.v.v.v. imp), do them completely from text and learn the names of their active forms too, however some important points I have mentioned below:
Vit.B9, anemias and NTDs from its deficiency imp
Vit.B12, folate trap hypothesis (It explains how a vit B12 deficiency can lead to functional folate deficiency) , B12 absorption and pernicious anemia
Vit C , deficiency results in scurvy
VitB6 , use of drug isoniazid results in its deficiency
Vit B1 , cofactor for which enzymes (learn), Cinical indications are v.v.v.v imp: Beri beri and its types ( 1.Adult: dry/neuritic&wet/oedematous + 2. infantile beri beri) ; Wernicke-Kosakoff syndrome (cerebral beri beri)
Vit B3 (treatment for hypelipidemias , deficiency)
VitB2
VitB7
VitB5
Vit A ( complete as it is very very important), visual cycle, clinical indications, toxicity
Vit D (v.v.v imp), metabolism, function, clinical indications
Vit K in LO’s, it’s not mentioned but still have it’s understanding
Metabolic acidosis, Respiratory acidosis, Metabolic alkalosis, Respiratory alkalosis their causes and compensatory mechanisms (v.v.v.v.v. imp), will also be covered from the practical.Learn the normal values and you should be able to tackle the scenario based questions.
Tables 21.4 & 21.7 (v.v. imp)
Anion gap + it’s significance (v.v.v.v.v.imp)
Mixed acid base disorder (v.v.v.imp)
This was all from my side. Notes and all the other learning material will be shared. Make your concepts crystal clear, stick to your guidelines and have faith. Don’t forget to practice your book’s exercise MCQs as many of them are asked in exams. Best wishes !
Do development of ribs and sternum given at the end of LANGMAN CH#10
Anomalies mentioned like cervical rib, Cleft sternum, pectus carinatum and excavatum (Imp)
Do development of vertebrae and vertebral column from LANGMAN CH#10
Anomalies are very imp for MCQs…
Chapter 7:
Do development of Diaphragm and thoracic cavity from LANGMAN CH#7(Do it thoroughly till the end of chapter)
You must know about the Sources of diaphragm(4 sources)…You can listen to DR Azam’s lecture(It cover whole topic with clinical)
Must do anomalies Such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia etc….All are very imp and can be asked in both MCQs and VIVA as well…
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Chapter 13:
This chapter is tricky to understand, for this firstly take Lecture to Grasp the Concept properly and then readout the textbook thoroughly. Otherwise, you will not be able to retain it.
It is preferable to do the labeling of diagrams side by side for ospe while preparing the theory because there are a lot of diagrams in Chap 13 which makes it difficult to prepare all the diagrams in a single day .
CV-A-004 & CV-A-005:
Lecture: Dr Azam, Ninja Nerd or Byte Sized Med
For Early development of heart , do :
Establishment and patterning of primary heart field ( for mcqs)
Formation and positioning of heart tube
Formation of cardiac loop (vvvimp)
For Early Development of blood vessels, do:
Arterial and Venous System given under the topic of Vascular Development
Development of Pericardial Cavity from any short book
For Parts of primitive heart tube and its folding , do the formation of cardiac loop
For Development of various chambers of heart and their partitioning , do :
Development of sinus venosus ( imp for mcqs)
Formation of cardiac septa (vvimp)
Septum formation in common atrium (imp)
Formation of left atrium and pulmonary vein
Septum formation in Atrioventricular Canal
Septum formation in truncus arteriosus and conus cordis (vimp)
Septum formation in ventricles (imp)
Must take lectures for these topics (Otherwise it will be difficult to Understand)
Identify parts of heart tube and structures derived from it ( imp for mcqs as well as ospe)
CV-A-006:
Lecture: Dr Azam , Ninja Nerd or Byte Sized Med
Dextrocardia and ectopia cordis given in clinical correlates (vvimp)
For Partitioning of primordial heart , Do septum formation in Common Atrium and septum formation in Atrioventricular Canal
Development of sinus venosus ( imp)
Atrial septal defects ( vvvimp)
Probe patent foramen ovale ( from any short book)
Partitioning of truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis (vvvimp)
Formation of ventricles and interventricular septum (imp)
Ventricular septal defects( vvvimp)
Development of cardiac valves and conducting system
Development of Lymphatic System ( not imp, but you should have a concept of it)
Must do All the clinicals In between.
Table 13.1 Not important (Just Go through for MCQs )
Table 13.2 (Important)
CV-A-007:
Lecture for Development of Arterial System: Dr Azam
Developmental defects of heart : Tetralogy of fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, unequal division of arterial trunks, transposition of great vessels, valvular stenosis and coarctation of aorta ( vvimp)
Formation and fate of pharyngeal arch arteries given under the heading of Vascular Development, Table 13.3 ( Derivatives of Aortic Arch) is vvvimp . Vitelline, Umbilical and coronary Arteries are also important for MCQs
Coarctation of Aorta and Anomalous Arteries (given under the clinical correlates of arterial System)
Clinicals of arterial System are very Important
CV -A-008:
Lecture: Dr Azam, Ninja Nerd or Medico Visuals
Development of embryonic veins : Vitelline, umbilical, common cardinal veins and their fate( given under the heading of venous system)
Formation of superior & inferior Vena Cava and portal vein with their congenital anomalies (given under the heading of venous system) vvimp especially formation of Inferior Vena Cava and clinicals of venous system
CV-A-009:
Lecture: Brainless Medicose, Byte Sized Med or Ninja Nerd
Derivatives of fetal vessels and structures from Langman chap 13 given under the heading of circulatory changes at birth (vvimp)
Fetal and neonatal circulation with transitional neonatal circulation and its clinical implications from Langman chap 13 under the heading of Circulation before and after birth, The five sites of mixing of blood are very important.
CV-A-010:
Atrial septal defects along with their embryological basis and features ( under the heading of heart defects) vvimp
Patent foramen ovale from any short book.
Developmental defects of heart : Tetralogy of fallot, persistent ductus arteriosus, unequal division of arterial trunks , transposition of great vessels and valvular stenosis (given in clinical correlates) vvvimp
Most Important Clinicals:
Dextrocardia
Ectopia cordis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Patent ductus arteriosus
Unequal division of arterial trunks
Transposition of great
Vessels and Valvular stenosis
Coarctation of aorta
Ebstein Anomaly
Note: These are most important clinicals but you have to do all the clinicals because MCQs can be asked from any of the clinicals.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Chapter 14:
Note: Do watch Ninja Nerd Lecture for it as well before Reading. It is a very Easy Chapter.
LO#1 For this first read Formation of lung bud at the start of chapter Then understand thoroughly the Development of Larynx,Trachea and Bronchi..
LO#2 Do tracheoesophageal fistula from clinical correlates…Its types are written in description of pic must read those and Read VACTERL associations..(Vvvv Imp topic)
LO#3 For lung development and maturation first read from book then make a flowchart
Also do Table 14.1 thoroughly…Must know the time frame and events of different phases
LO#4 Do all of these clinicals competely as they are Vvv imp…
Note: After Doing Any Chapter of Embryology, Do Go through the Questions written at the End of Each chapter. In Proff Exams, Exact Those statements were Asked in SEQ Questions. So, you must have to go Through these Questions at the End. Answer key of these Questions is given at the End of Langman.
This part of Anatomy is easy when done in a proper way. Visualization and Revisions are the keys of mastering Gross Anatomy .
First of all use Snell as main book for thorax. However there are several points and LOs in the curriculum which are not in Snell or not properly written in Snell. For them go for BD
For thorax , you have to do chap 4&5 of Snell
For clinicals use TH Clinicals but must give a good read to clinicals from Snell as many lines of Snell were asked as it is in our proff
For mcqs practice use Chapter 1 & BRS gross anatomy (scenario MCQs)
Nerve supply of diaphragm, structures passing through diaphragm, bronchopulmonary segment, root of lung , mediastinal syndrome it’s symptoms and effects (clinical v.v.imp). Guidelines are mentioned according to your LOs
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(Module No 4)
CV-A-001
Mediastinum :
Lecture: Anatomy Zone ,Dr Hasna or Johri
Definition, boundaries , compartments & contents of Mediastinum from BD chap 17 (complete) . Its schematic diagram is given below for your understanding:
Also do all the clinicals of Mediastinum from Snell or TH clinicals , Mediastinal syndrome is vvimp
Superior Vena Cava:
Lecture: Taim Talks Med
Formation, Tributaries and Termination of Superior vena cava (imp) from BD chp 19
Aorta:
Lecture: Dr Hasna , TCML or About Medicine
Formation , Branches and Distribution of Ascending Aorta, Aortic Arch and Descending Aorta in reference to their branches from Snell chap 5 (imp)
Must Do relations of Aortic arch from BD chp 19 (also try to do relations of ascending and descending aorta but relations of aortic arch are most imp)
Azygous Vein :
Lecture: Essentials of Medical Sciences or Taim Talks Med
Formation, course and tributaries of Azygous + Hemizygous + Accessory Hemizygous veins (extremely imp) from BD chp 14
Do it completely as they are frequently asked in exams (skip relations)
Nerve supply of Heart :
Lecture: Dr Hasna , Kenhub , Dr Adel Bondok or Johri
Course , Relations and Distribution of Vagus Nerve and thoracic splanchnic nerves in relation to Nerve Supply of Heart from Snell chap 5 (under the topic extrinsic nerve supply)
CV-A-002
Pericardium:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Pericardium and its parts with emphasis on their nerve supply from Snell Chap 5
Pericardial cavity , Transverse and oblique sinuses their Boundaries and clinical significance from BD chap 18 (v.v.imp)
Clinical Correlates:
Pericardial rub, pericardial pain , pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade , paracentesis from Snell chap 5
CV-A-003:
External Features of Heart:
Lecture: Dr Azam
External features of heart , chambers of heart their features and openings (just give a good read to this topic from Snell chp 5) They are mainly asked in Ospe and viva especially on model. So try to do its practice on heart model alongwith its diagram from Snell chap 5 and study all landmarks written in text
Moderator Band is imp for written
Arterial supply of Heart:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Coronary arteries (v.v.imp) complete from Snell chp 5
Left and Right coronary artery branches + their distribution + variations in coronary arteries+ sites of anastomosis between right and left coronary artery + table 5.3 from Snell chap 5 (vvimp)
Anatomical correlates of cardiac Arterial supply from Snell chap 5
Clinical Correlates:
ECG , Cardiac referred pain , angioplasty and coronary grafts from Snell chap 5
Features of Angina Pectoris and MI from Snell chap 5 or TH clinicals
Venous Drainage of Heart:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Venous drainage of heart & Alternative venous routes to heart from Snell chap 5
Vessels supplying the heart with their origin and Termination from Snell chap 5
Cardiac plexus:
Lecture: Dr Hasna , Johri MBBS
Formation, relations and distribution of Cardiac Plexus from BD chap 18 (imp)
Fibrous Skeleton & Cardiac Valves:
Components and significance of Fibrous Skeleton of heart + valves from Snell chp 5 (imp)
Valvular Heart diseases from Snell chap 5
Surface marking, perform percussion , auscultation and CT scan /MRI of heart and great vessels for OSPE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(Module No 5)
Re-A-001
Thoracic Apertures:
Lecture : Dr Hasna , Johri MBBS
Superior thoracic aperture / Inlet of Thorax from BD chap 12
Inferior thoracic aperture ( also called as DIAPHRAGM) from Snell chap 4 (don’t skip any point and also do all clinicals)
Do the table of openings and structures passing through these openings of diaphragm from BD chap 12 table 12.1 .Memorize it completely as it is always asked either in written or in Viva (vvimp). Its pic is shared below:
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome:
Do it from Snell chap 4 (vvimp)
Re-A-002 & Re-A-004:
Ribs:
Lecture: Dr Hasna , Johri or Byte Sized Med
Diff b/w typical and atypical rib (vvvvimp) from BD chap 13 or AI (While explaining the ribs in Ospe , you must know whether it’s typical or atypical rib)
Anatomical features of ribs from Snell chap 4 or BD chap 13 , Do 1st and 2nd ribs completely
Supernumerary cervical rib from Snell chap 4
Articulations of ribs are actually the joints . Do Classification of Articulations of ribs , Anatomical features of these Articulations and movements with Muscles producing articulations from BD chap 13 ( under the heading of joints of thorax) . You must also know the category of each rib ( vertebrosternal, vertebrochondral, typical, atypical etc )
Effects of fracture to neck of rib from Snell chap 4
Flail chest from Snell chap 4
Vertebra:
Lecture: Dr Hasna , Johri or Byte Sized Med
Anatomical features of typical and atypical vertebrae and difference between them (vv imp) from BD chap 13 ( You should be able to differentiate between vertebrae in Ospe , For Ospe , you just have to do the bony features of vertebra)
Must know the difference of thoracic vertebrae from the other vertebrae
Thoracic part of vertebral column ( normal curvature, intervertebral joints ) from BD chap 13 and do fascia of back , blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of back from any short book or AI
Kyphosis, Scoliosos (vvimp)
Re-A-003:
Thoracotomy (imp clinical) from Snell chap 4
Intercostal muscles:
Do intercostal muscles from Snell cha p 4 complete (imp)
Completely cover the headings of intercostal muscles + their actions+ nerve supply (main things asked are their actions , nerve supply and also their difference like direction of fibers etc) All this will be covered from Snell chap 4 , Also do table 4.1
Intercostal space :
Lecture: Dr Azam
Intercostal space and its contents from Snell chap 4
In the topic of Intercostal space, 7 layers are written memorize these 7 layers in sequence and make mnemonic (v.v.imp mcq)
Question is usually asked that if we have to perform lung biopsy, which layers will be pierced , the answer is these 7 layers
Contents of Intercostal space: Intercostal (Vein+ Artery+ Nerve) Mnemonic: VAN (imp)
Re-A-005 & Re-A-006:
Sternum:
Lecture: Dr Hasna , Johri MBBS
Do bony features of Sternum from Snell chap 4 or BD chap 13
Sternal biopsy , sternotomy and sternal fractures from Snell chap 4 or TH clinicals
Endothoracic Fascia & Sibson’s fascia:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Endothoracic Fascia from Snell chp 4
Suprapleural membrane (Sibson’s Fascia) with attachments from Snell chap 4 ( imp)
Re-A-007 & Re-A-008:
Joints of Thorax:
Lecture: Taim Talks Med or Mina MedEase
Joints of Thorax from BD chap 13
For ligaments just do their names
You can revise the joints from the pic shared below:
Mechanics of Respiration:
Lecture: Byte Sized Med
Mechanics of Inspiration and Expiration from Snell chap 5 or BD 13 (vvvimp)
Vertical Diameter (Piston Pump Mechanism) from the pic shared below
Anteroposterior diameter (pump handle mechanism) , Transverse diameter (bucket handle mechanism) and Vertical Diameter , All are vvimp
Muscles involved in respiratory movements from picture shared below
Intercostal Nerves and Vessels:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Origin, Course , Relation and Distribution of Intercostal Nerves from Snell chap 4
Origin , Course , Relation and Distribution of Intercostal Vessels (arteries and veins) from BD chap 14 (vvimp)
Posterior intercostal arteries from BD chap 14
Anterior intercostal arteries from BD chap 14
Intercostal veins from BD chap 14 complete (must do table 14.2 from BD)
Alternate routes of Venous drainage in blockage of superior/ inferior Vena Cava from Snell chap 5 , pic is shared below:
Re-A-009 & Re-A-010:
Dermatomes :
Cutaneous Innervation and Dermatomes of Thorax from any short book or AI (not imp)
Diagram of cutaneous innervation is given below:
Clinical Correlates:
Herpes Zoster Infection on thoracic wall and Intercostal Nerve block from Snell chap 4
Trachea:
Anatomical features, extent , relations, neurovascular supply and lymphatics of trachea from Snell chap 5
Re-A-011:
Diaphragm:
Lecture : Dr Hasna , Johri MBBS
Parts of Diaphragm, their attachments and neurovascular supply from Snell chap 4
Role of Diaphragm in Respiration from Snell chap 4
Diaphragmatic apertures from BD table 12.1 (vvimp)
Re-A-012:
Pleura:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Parts, Layers , neurovascular supply of pleura from Snell chap 5 (vvimp)
Blood supply and Lymphatic drainage from picture shared below:
Difference between parietal and visceral pleura from BD chap 15 table 15.1 :
Pleural cavity:
Pleural cavity, its recesses and lines of reflection from Snell chap 5 ( under the heading of pleura)
Pleural reflections ( clinical) from Snell chap 4
Clinical Correlates:
Pleural pain , pleurisy, pneumothorax, pleural effusion from Snell chap 5
Lungs:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Anatomical features and relations of lungs from Snell chap 5
Lobes and Fissures of lungs from Snell chap 5 + table 5.1 v.imp.
Re-A-013:
Lungs:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Neurovascular supply and Lymphatic drainage of lungs from Snell chap 5
Difference between Anatomical features of right and left lung from BD table 16.2:
Root of lung:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Pulmonary Ligament (covered in topic of Pleura from Snell chap 5)
Root of lung from BD chap 16 (vvvimp)
In root of lung cover following headings from BD: Contents+ arrangement of structures in root+ Relations of root
Bronchopulmonary Segments:
Lecture: Dr Azam
Bronchopulmonary segments complete (extremely imp) from Snell chap 5 (don’t skip anything) , Also do its diagram from the pic shared below:
Blood supply, Nerve Supply, Lymphatic drainage and clinical significance of bronchopulmonary segments from Snell chap 5
Clinical Correlates:
Chest tube intubation, Thoracentesis, bronchoscopy from Snell chap 5 or TH clinicals
Anatomical basis for medicolegal significance of lungs in determining viability of new born from any short book or AI
Anatomical landmarks on chest X-rays, CT , MRI for Ospe
Note:
Do all the clinicals of Thorax from Snell or TH clinicals
Apparently guidelines seem switching between Snell and BD — but it is to cover every topic in a proper and in an understandable way. So, when you study thorax, study Snell and BD side by side according to guidelines.
Medical Histology by Laiq Hussain 8th edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Manual of Histology (your practical notebook)
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(Module No 4)
Chapter 13:
CVA-011 – CVA-017
Endocardium, Myocardium & Epicardium (Cover all these layers properly…the most important in this regard is the Myocardium as it contains the arrangement of muscle fibers in the atria and ventricles)
Complete topic of cardiac skeleton…The paragraph under the heading of impulse generating and conducting system of the heart is especially imp because it contains the location of SA node AV node etc…moreover it also contains some of the distinguishing features of the cardiac muscle cells found in SA node…also Cover Purkinje Fibres
You people have already covered cardiac muscle in block 2…revise the topic from the chp of muscles.
Endothelium & its Functions IMP
Layers of blood vessels i.e. tunica intima, media & adventitia
The Difference between Different Arteries, Different Veins & Capillaries can be done from your Histo Practical Notebook or You can do it Thoroughly by understanding Diagrams Along with their histological Features (Very Important to Do)
The differences between veins and arteries can be covered in the tabulated form from any short book
All green Boxes Diseases are a Must Do thing, never skip these i.e Thrombosis & Embolism, lymphedema, Blood pressure Diseases Arteriosclerosis, Atherosclerosis Important
Pericytes Important
Difference between capillaries types, their Examples …very very important
Vein Types must do their Difference
Thoroughly cover the topic of lymph vascular system…the paragraph of lymph capillaries contains the differences of lymphatic capillaries from the blood capillaries so do it properly….otherwise the entire topic is supposed to be covered
HIGH YIELD POINT:
For this chapter the most imp thing is the differences between the types of different blood vessels and their examples such as the differences between the types of arteries
You can cover these either in tabulated form from any short book or from histo manual…but you should be crystal clear about these differences as these will most probably constitute an imp portion of the MCQs
In order to make concepts you can also use the pics of your laiq hussain book and then correlate them with the text mentioned…INSHA’ALLAH you will ace it….
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(Module No 5)
Chapter 17:
Re-A-019 – Re-A-024
Proximal / Distal Respiratory Tract
Respiratory epithelium Complete, Cell Names and Description Important
Olfactory epithelium, Cell Names and Description Important
The most imp thing in this chp is the epithelial changes from the start of Respiratory Tract to the very end of the tract. You will be asked mcqs related to these changes.
Paranasal sinuses, Nasopharynx, Larynx Do Their layers with Complete description
Trachea Important Diagram and Layers Both are very important
Also cover the bronchial tree
Difference b/w intra and extra pulmonary bronchi Important
Also cover bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles & Clara cells (Club cells) Very Important
Since in your syllabus the topic of lungs is mentioned so you are supposed to cover all the headings under the main heading of lungs…whether these are separately mentioned in your Los or not.
Diff between type 1 and 2 Pneumocytes and their imp features…both are important
Pulmonary Surfactant, Dust cells and Blood Air Barrier Very Important
Epithelium of Bronchioles to Alveolar sacs is Repeatedly Asked. Must remember it
All green boxes are Important to do. Don’t skip these boxes
You can also opt for you Histology Manual in order to remember epithelial changes
Moreover correlate the diagrams of your text with the diagrams mentioned in the book
Also properly cover the diagrams you have drawn in your histo manual…this will prove beneficial in both…your college internal assessment and Proff OSPE…
Cover heart failure from Chp1 …additionally cover Congestive heart failure from medicnetic
Also cover Ischemic heart diseases and cardiac output from Chp1
PHARMACOLOGY
For pharmacology I’ll share some voice notes and tables from the reference book do cover these topics from there…also give a read to these Topics mentioned in Medico express.
C.MED
CM-001 – CM-007:
For CVS Module the content of C.med is well explained in Chp1 So cover it from there
Additionally cover primordial prevention, health promotion, secondary and tertiary prevention and behavioral change interventions from medicnetic and you are good to go with C.Med.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Bh-S001 – Bh-S002:
Psychosocial aspects from Medicnetic
Emotional fainting from Chp1
PATHOLOGY
(Module No 05)
LO-1:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is very well written in medicnetic so do cover it from there.
LO-2:
Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases…cover the topic from Chp1.
LO-3:
Differences between Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases are also mentioned in Chp1 So cover it from there.
PHARMACOLOGY
For pharmacology I will share some voice notes and also the tables from the book…do cover those tables…moreover cover all the topics of pharma from medico express.
C.MED
CM-001 – CM-004:
Cover risk factors and preventive strategies from Chp1
Common vaccines used for the prevention of ARI are well written in medicnetic so do cover them from that book.
You people are supposed to cover the role of vitamins from both…medicnetic as well as the Chp1.
The effect of air pollutants will be covered from Chp1 under the heading of Environmental interaction and respiratory system.
Cover epidemiology of Respiratory diseases and occupational lung diseases from Chp 1
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
BhS-001 – BhS-003:
Topic of Dyspnea from Medicnetic
Cover psychogenic cough from both…Chp1 and medicnetic
Psychosocial aspects to be covered from the medicnetic.
After this your minors will be covered properly still if you want you can give a read to the relevant topics from Medico express
