Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Reference Books:
NIMS Blood Physiology (Only for Topic of Blood)
Jaypee Essentials of Medical Physiology 6th Edition
BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY
Chapter 33: ( HL-P-001,002)
Anemia (v.v.v imp)
Etiological classification from Guyton
Morphological classification from NIMS (Pic is given here)
Effect of anemia: Make a flow chart of it. (Pic is given below, also in paragraph of guyton under Heading : Effects of anemia on circulatory system pg 446)
Polycythemia (Guyton)
Secondary Polycythemia (Physiological) (For MCQs)
Polycythemia Vera/ Erythremia (Pathological)
(Do their comparison)
For effects of Anemia and Polycythemia make flowcharts (imp)
Chapter 35: ( HL-P-007,008,009)
Immunity (Definition)
Types of immunity (pic is given below)
Innate immunity (Definition along with four points)
Acquired immunity (Definition)
Difference b/w humoral and cell mediated immunity
Concept of antigen and epitope
Pg 460-462, Figure 35.1 for understanding (read for concept and mcqs)
Antibody formation by plasma cells
Formation of memory cells enhances antibody response to subsequent antigen exposure (imp)
Figure 35.3
Nature of antibodies
Classes of antibodies
Mechanism of action of antibodies (direct and complement system) v imp
Fig 35.6 (imp)
Antigen presenting cells, major histocompatibility complex proteins (imp)
Different types of T cells (complete topic till pg 468 along with fig 35.8) imp
Table 35.1 (types of T helper cells viva question)
Tolerance of acquired immunity system to body own tissue (Def imp for viva)
Active and passive immunity (diff v imp)
Allergy and hypersensitivity (complete) high yield mcqs (v imp)
Chapter 36: (HL-P-010,011,012)
Page 471-473 give a good read for better understanding
RH incompatibility (erythroblastosis fetalis) v.imp for viva and mcqs
Transfusion reactions from mismatched blood types
Transplantation of tissues and organs (complete topic till page 476)
Transfusion reactions due to ABO incompatibility (jaypee chap 21 page 141-142 read from there)
Changes in stored blood (pic is shared in the group)
TABLE 37.1(Complete) , pneumonic to learn it : Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas Some People Have Fallen
Mechanism of blood coagulation (Complete)
Fig 37.3 (imp)
Extrinsic and Intrinsic pathway (v.v.imp)
difference btw them (along with figures)
Anticoagulants for clinical use
Intravascular anticoagulants
Role of Calcium
Blood coagulation test
Conditions that cause excessive bleeding (Hemophilia, Thrombocytopenia, Vitamin K) (vimp)
(Must do this chapter from Guyton)
Points To Remember: (viva /mcqs)
Stimulus for Intrinsic pathway:
Internal damage
Glass contact
Blood trauma
Test tube coagulation
Stimulus for Extrinsic pathway:
Surgery
Inflammation
Shave cut
Knife cut
Vitamin K dependent CF -> 2,7,9,10
Bleeding Time increase in >>> Thrombocytopenia
Clotting time increase in. >>> Hemophilia
Purpura (Tendency of spontaneous hemorrhage beneath skin, internal organs.
Types of Purpura:
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Multiple subcutaneous hemorrhage
Poor constriction of blood vessel
Dec platelet count
Clot retraction deficiency
Non-Thrombocytopenia
Functionally defective platelet (Thrombasthenia)
Platelet count normal
Due to allergy
Infection
Tips For proff and college block preparation: I suggest you to stick to your recommended book (Guyton) rather than going for short books, as guyton covers all your proff and block mcqs if you have prepared from it. Also for doing MCQ’s practice , you can do it from Chapter 1 past MCQ’s.
These are Mentioned as per the Latest UHS Curriculum of Session 2025-2026
Lecture videos: For lectures, you can watch medico visuals or ninja nerd videos for better understanding. For simple explanation of langman book or revision, you can go for brainless medicos.
Chapter 1: (LO-F-A-038)
Do not need to do this chapter as nothing from this is mentioned in your LO’s.
Chapter 2: (LO-F-A-010,011,012,013,014)
Primordial Germ Cells
Clinical correlate Teratomas (pg.14)
Chromosome theory of Inheritance (just give Read )
Mitosis/Meiosis (You already know about it, Just Do it as Mentioned in Learning Objectives, Difference form)
Result of meiotic divisions (important)
Clinical correlates from pg #17-24 are very important.
Numerical Abnormalities (Important)
Important terms: i) Euploid ii) Aneuploid iii) Trisomy iv) Monosomy v) Nondisjunction vi) Translocations (Do it for MCQ POV)
Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome (You have to do all the clinical Presentations , Make sure to Memories them through visual Image, these are mostly asked in OSPE) Do Definition /concept of Mosaicism given in it. (imp). Figure 2.7 and 2.8 is also asked in OSPE, so also go through it)
Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, Turner Syndrome, Triple X syndrome ( Clinical presentations through visual Image, they are given in OSPE with diagram to identify the syndrome)
Klinefelter Syndrome (Annual system Past Paper SEQ)
Do All abnormalities for Scenario-Based SEQ & MCQs
Structural Abnormalities (Important)
Cri-du-chat Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome very Important, Prader-Willi Syndrome Very important, Miller Dieker Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
Do Remember which Chromosome is involved in a Particular Abnormality for MCQs
Important Terms(pg#25) : i) Deletion ii) Microdeletion iii) Fragile Sites iv) Genomic Imprinting (Viva Qs)Do these for MCQ POV just
Gene Mutations:
Just Remember these terms: i) Single Gene Mutation (only definition) +dominant and recessive mutation
ii) Mosaicism (pg. 19)
Diagnostic Techniques (not important Just Do the Names only)
Oogenesis* Important Do complete till End
Prenatal= before Birth, Postnatal= At puberty/After Birth (You can do these Topics from KLM as well if you want, otherwise Langman is Good to Go)
Spermatogenesis* ImportantDo complete till End
For oogenesis and spermatogenesis, lectures on the medico visuals are very good.
Clinical Correlate Abnormal Gametes (pg.32)
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
Abnormal Implantation CompleteEctopic Pregnancy/Extra uterine Important SEQPouch of Douglas, Primary ovarian pregnancyHydatidiform Mole / Molar pregnancy Important SEQrimary ovarian pregnancyHydatidiform Mole / Molar pregnancy Important SEQ
Genomic Imprinting Viva Qs
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
Chapter 5: (LO-F-A-023,024)
Gastrulation Complete
Primitive Streak (Formation & Fate) Fate is given in the Fate Map Topic(pg.65). Write It Here, By shortlisting.
Formation of Notochord Important Past Paper SEQ , This topic is Better Explained In KLM Chapter 4.
Do it from KLM & then Read it from Langman as well and then Summaries it here, This Way on Langman:
Establishment of Body Axes (not important, You can Skip it)
Fate Map Establishment During Gastrulation *
Growth of Embryonic Disc
Clinical Correlate Complete Very Important
Holoprosencephaly
Caudal Dysgenesis (Serinomelia) UHS Past paper Modular System 2023 Qs, This Question Came as exact Statement given in Problems to Solve Qs 3 of this Chapter.
Sacrococcygeal teratomas
Situs solitus, situs inversus, laterality defects, situs ambiguous (heterotaxy)
Kartagener Syndrome (Important)
Development of Trophoblast (Do villi from here)
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
Chapter 6: (LO-F-A-025,026,027,028,029,030)
Derivatives of Ectoderm (Important)
Do it once from Langman and then Derivatives From a Diagram Given in KLM Chapter 5, All germ layer Derivatives summarized form:
Just give read to molecular regulation of neural induction (not important)
Neurulation (Very Important SEQ, Past Paper) Do it from KLM & Langman Both & then summaries it in the form of Points on Langman. From KLM Chapter 4.
Neural Crest Cells ( Derivatives) Do take concept of it , its role , Table 6.1 (Important)
Derivative cells from dorsal and ventral pathway are asked separately or they may ask overall derivatives of neural crest cells.(till pg.79)
Molecular Regulations are Not Important , If you want Learn just names of Some Involved ( Not seen in Any Past Paper MCQ, SEQ , VIVA)
Clinical correlate (Important):
NTDs(neural tube defects) i) Anencephaly ii) Spina bifida & its Types ( Types are Given in chapter 10 second Last Clinical correlate pg. 158) Often Asked.
Folic Acid (imp)
Derivatives of Mesoderm ( Paraxial , Intermediate, Lateral ) Better to do it from KLM diagram shared above but also give read to langman.
Molecular regulation of somite formation and differentiation (skip it)
Somite Differentiation (Important)
Blood and Blood Vessels Complete (skip the molecular regulation)
Clinical correlate (Important):
Capillary Hemangiomas*
Derivatives of Endoderm Better to do from KLM diagram
Folding of Embryo(imp) Better to Do it from KLM Chapter 5 for better understanding or You can do it from Langman given Under heading of Endodermal Derivatives.
Homeobox Gene (not included in syllabus)
External Appearance During 2nd Month:
Terms to remember : i) Crown-rump length ii) Make points of Changes in appearance ( MCQ POV)
Clinical correlate: Birth Defect MCQ POV Just read once
After Doing the Complete Chapter , Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
KLM Topics: (Low yield Topics , MCQs)
(LO-F-A-031,032,033)
Chapter 5 Table 5.1 or You can Read Theory of Highlights of Fourth to Eight Weeks (MCQs)
Chapter 5, Estimation of Embryonic Age, Estimation of Gestational & Embryonic Age.
Chapter 6, Viability of fetuses, Highlights of Fetal period, Factors influencing Fetal Growth (Just Names)
Chapter 6, Procedures: (Important MCQs)
Diagnostic Value of Amniocentesis, Alpha fetoprotein Assay, Chorionic Villi Sampling
Chapter 8: (LO-F-A-032,033,034,035,036,037)
Development of fetus, monthly changes Time of birth (Just Read for MCQs, not imp)
Clinical correlate:
Low birth weight
IUGR & SGA
Fetal Membranes & Placenta with diagram (UHS past Paper Qs)
Changes in trophoblast , chorion frondosum & decidua Basalis , Structure of Placenta , Full-term Placenta , Circulation of Placenta (complete do it as they are Important).
Why human placenta is considered hemochorial type? : it was asked in our proff (pg.116)
Diagrams are very important as they are often asked in OSPE.
Functions of Placenta ( Just read Once for MCQs)
Amnion & Umbilical Cord ( Just Read Important Viva Qs )
Placental Changes at the End of Pregnancy ( UHS Past Paper Modular System 2023 )
Amniotic fluid ( Read for MCQs)
Fetal Membranes in twins Complete Important
Parturition (imp)
Fetal membranes in twins ( dizygotic and monozygotic twins)
General Anatomy by Laiq Hussain 7th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Important points
Do watch the lectures of mkh doctor zone on YouTube before you start dealing with any Chapter of GA.
Give special importance to the classifications mentioned in the book as they are very important from MCQ point of view.
Do all the classifications from the notes first and then read the text written in the book
Make sure to go through the entire text of a single chp as anything can be asked in context of MCQ
There are some of the subtopics mentioned in LOS that are not written in Laiq Husaain. Out of these most are the definitions. Cover these from any short book such as Chapter 1. Mcqs for general anatomy come from General Anatomy by Laiq Hussain however to ensure that none of the topics has been overlooked it is essential to cover these topics from short books.
Chapter 1:
Give a proper read to the branches of Anatomy
Mark mcqs from History of Anatomy
Anatomical variation is important
Chapter 2 :
Planes most imp.
Anatomical position imp.
Anatomical movements of hand arm head etc for Viva but can also be asked in the mcqs
Laterality terms
Chapter 3:
Functions of bone
Classification from all aspects along with the examples of each respective class v.v.imp
Markings on a bone are imp for Viva but they can also be asked in the MCQS
Regional distribution of bones
Shafts epiphyses and diaphysis of long bone
Types of ossification can be asked in MCQS
Types of epiphyses v.imp for mcqs
Rule of ossification
Blood supply of long bones(Arterial supply and venous drainage) v.v.imp do it from notes
Recommended lecture selfless medicose
Bone injury and repair
Healing of fracture
Cartilage difference v imp from notes
Chapter 4:
Almost whole chp imp
Classification of joints on all basis v.v.v imp
Diarthroses with features from notes then give read to book v v imp
Movements imp
Classification of synovial joints from all aspects v.v.v.imp
Factors of joint stability mcqs
Nerve and blood supply read
Hilton’s Law favourite question
Joints injuries and diseases mcqs
Chapter 5:
Functions of muscle
Muscular tissue and its varieties just read
Classification on all basis v vv imp
Red white intermediate fibres imp
Connective tissue associated with skeletal muscle go through it properly
Connective tissue components of skeletal muscle give a very good read to it
Give a good read to the topics discussed from pg no 85 to 89
Give a read to the naming of muscles and blood supply of muscles
Nerve supply and motor unit imp
Contraction of muscles and their diff imp
Paralysis also has imp mcqs
Fascia aponeurosis raphe synovial bursa and sheath new terms for u so do it also
Chapter 6:
General structure of blood vessels
Mark MCQS from page no 99 to 101
Classification of all vessels on all basis capillaries most imp
Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel
Anastomosis most imp also has mcqs
Circulatory routes just read
AV shunts and glomus bodies
Portal system imp viva & written qs
Vascular supply of blood vessels
Lymph vascular system complete
Chapter 7:
Functions of skin
Epidermis and dermis
Appendages of skin full of mcqs
lines of cleavage read+concept
Skin Burns (from pic given below)
Skin infections and Skin Grafting ( Not given in Laiq Hussain. From Tassaduq Husaain General Anatomy pg 11)
Clinical correlates of skin from any short book
Chapter 8:
Give a read to introduction
classification morpho and functionally
Supporting cells imp
Gray white matter lemniscus mcqs
CNS and PNS
Cranial nerves name v.imp
Spinal nerves and ganglia
Somatic and visceral nervous system
Functional classification of peripheral nerve fibres
Plexus names and dermatome
Classification of receptors v.imp (proff mcq)
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
4 parasympathetic ganglia ….has imp MCQS in it
Enteric nervous system
Chapter 10:
Give a good read to the entire chp and mark MCQS from it
Note:
Carefully do all diagrams of imp topics from Laiq Hussain GA along with theory. By that your Ospe will be prepared side by side with your written exam.
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 02)
Spleen:
From Snell’s anatomy latest edition
Cover the remaining los related to Spleen either from medicnetic or the Chapter 1.
Block-1 Histology should be Done in detail Once, Study it Once thoroughly and Make Notes or Shortlist it accordingly for Your Ease, whatever Method suits You.
Block-1 Histology has a bit lengthy syllabus, Rest 2 Block Histo is very Easy
In Recent Proff Papers (Annual & Supplementary), Histology Questions (SEQs) from Block-1 came, so it should not be ignored as this year’s exam would be mcqs based so don’t forget to study it thoroughly.
In last year’s college block, mcqs were deep and bit tough from laiq hussain histology’s text but in proff they were relatively easy but you must be prepared for any situation.
Things To Do In Histology:
Diagrams are very important ( practical Ones these are Asked in SEQs mostly), 1st year diagrams are quite easy but as you all know Paper pattern is now mcqs based so you have to prepare diagrams solely for OSPE and to learn text for visual memory. Every diagram is important (frequently asked in exams)
Histology’s trick is the same as that of Gross anatomy (Visual memory), Visualize the Pictures and its features! That’s all they ask.
It is recommended to go through the book’s text for at least one time and underline on book for mcq pov and for subsequent revisions you can use your own hand written notes.It would be easy to tackle mcqs.
In the guidelines, don’t get confused if any topic is mentioned important for SEQ , you will be asked MCQ’s in paper so don’t skip any topic.
Reference Books:
Medical Histology by Laiq Hussain Revised 8th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
DiFiore’s Atlas of Histology
Notes:
Shortlisted notes of histology are also shared in the group (By Zayn ul Hassan from G12) & if you want to Make Your Own Notes or shortlist it accordingly, it is well & Good.
Chapter 1: (Can skip / just Read)
MCQs might come from this chapter
Single MCQ from Fixation came in UHS Proff 2023 (formalin)
Proff 2025-26 mcq Microscope used for study of unstained fresh tissues and living cells:Phase contrast microscope
Chapter 2:
Cell is the same as you have studied in other subjects, but in histology there are some details given below:
Important to do from Histo:
Cytoplasmic inclusions (Pigments)
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments Types * Important Viva Qs /SEQ
Cell Junctions Complete till Junctional Complex * Very Important UHS Past Paper SEQ 2024 ( mcqs could be asked most probably as it is v imp topic)
You should know Epithelium Definition and Examples* (Make Notes , Mnemonics for Examples)
Examples are Important for MCQs
Diagrams are Important as well for OSPE & SEQ (might come to draw)
Urothelium, transitional Epithelium Complete very important
Apical Domain Complete Important UHS Supply Paper 2024
Lateral Domain & Basal Domain (Just Read once for Concept)
Clinical: Kartagener Syndrome/ Immotile cilia Syndrome Important
Basement Membrane*
Functions (Just Read Once, you already Know about Functions)
Short listing/ hand written notes for this chapter are recommended for quick and easy revision ( For epithelium also notes would be shared in group )
Chapter 4:
MCQ POV ( v imp)
You can do this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared, just do Definitions, Examples for MCQ & Diagrams for SEQ.
For quick learning of classification and examples with diagram understanding you can write on you book as given
Chapter 5:
You can Cover this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared/ Practical notebook as well, Or You can read it and make your Own notes / Shortlist accordingly and highlight on book for mcqs.(recommended)
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes, Macrophages, mast cells, Plasma cells, leukocytes , mark imp points on text book for mcqs , memorize identification points from your histology practical notebook for quick learning.
Collagens*
Do Collagen Fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers from your Histology Practical Notebook ( structure,stains and examples imp for mcqs)
Chapter 6:
Short list chapter in flow chart, MCQs POV, Diagrams are Important , Examples are very important often come in mcqs
Diff b/w brown and white adipose
Types of Dense Connective Tissue for MCQs
Dense Connective Tissue / Loose connective Tissue Diagram Important for SEQ / OSPE UHS Past Paper 2024
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 02)
Chapter 14:
Topics of Lymph included in your Learning Objectives (MCQ POV, but included in practicals and also asked in vivas, so do it from notes or Medicnetic pdf shared)
Blood thymic barrier (Favourite question)
Diagram of palatine tonsil also came in recent proff 2025-2026,, so don’t ignore this chapter and it’s diagrams.
2nd year Histology is quite extensive as compared to 1st year
So we have to do it smartly
Things To Do In Histology:
All diagrams are important, for better understanding of diagrams consider Difiore’s Atlas of Histology
For clinicals consult Laiq Hussain and Difiore’s Atlas of Histology
For theory point of view, we need to do things in Tabular form as there are alot of comparisons so I would prefer ARC notes along with your recommended Books, it would be very benificial Indeed!
Note: 2nd yr embryo is very easy. All the topics will be covered through langman .Must make flowchart of all the development and do all clinicals especially the imp ones.
Chapter 17:
Development of tongue (read it and write it in concise manner, especially which structures contributing to its development)
You should know about terminology of tongue clinicals
Development of palate (intermaxillary seg + secondary palate)
Cleft lips and palate clinicals (all with defects in which structures)
Chapter 15: (Digestive system)
Give read to the start of chapter for understanding start of development of Gut tube and know the extent of each part of gut tube.
Skip all molecular regulations
Foregut:
Esophagus development (not much important) Tracheoesophageal septum Tracheoesophageal fistula (imp & for better understanding do it from chapter 10)
Development and Rotation of stomach along with nerve supply (vv imp specially rotation)
Clinical: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (projectile vomit is it’s clinical feature)
Development of duodenum not much important but make flow chart
Duodenal Atresia & Double bubble sign is important
Liver development (not much important but which structures develop from which bud is important) but its ventral mesentery and its developing structures are important. Also read it’s clinicals
Note: For all organs you must know supplies [blood , lymphatic and nerve ] and relations of imp organs [duodenum , stomach , pancreas vvimp and bladder too]
Stomach:
Stomach Supplies (Proff UQ)
Stomach Bed (vv imp)
Small Intestine:
Duodenum, jejunum and ileum supplies (imp), plus difference from jejunum and ileum.
Duodenum relations (vv imp)
Diff b/w small and large intestine
Large intestine:
Mainly supplies
Major Blood vessels:
All are imp celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery (vv imp) , inferior mesentric artery
You know origin ,course and branches
Portal vein (vv imp) (complete)
Pancreas:
Most imp for relations(from BD) and supplies
Rectum:
Supplies and relations+supports imp
Anal canal:
Supplies & diff b/w upper and lower parts (from BD )imp
Bladder:
Supplies and relations imp
Must know points:
McBurney point
Appendix positions
Suspensory ligament of duodenum
Calot triangle
Stomach bed
Note: For topics from Peritoneum and Anterior Abdominal Wall, they are not sufficiently written in SNELL so you have to do from BD Chaurasia
Peritoneum: (vvv imp)
All these topics are high yield:
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentry
Lesser sac
Epiploic foramen
HepatoRenal and Recto uterine Pouch
Anterior Abdominal Wall:(High Yield Topics)
From Snell
Muscles vvimp
From BD
Rectus sheath
Fascia transversalis
Inguinal ligament
Spermatic cord (vv imp)
Clinicals:
From shared pdf
Remember all clininicals are imp
Every clinical can be asked in your viva, mcq or written, so don’t neglect this
