medicoguides.com

UHS 7^th Block

  (Module No 14)

Prepared by:

                           Savira (G13)                           

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Anwar Microbiology and Immunology 2^nd Edition
• Levinson’s Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology 17th Edition

HIT-Pa-001

• Diff bw Innate & acquired immunity (Ch#49 Anwar)
• Diff btw Active and passive immunity
• Clinical Features of Myeloid derived innate imune cell(Table from Ch#50 Anwar)
• Complement (chap 63 from levinson ) complete chapter
• MHC Class 1 and 2 and its imp(Table from Ch#53 Anwar)
• Functions of Immunoglobulins (Table from Ch#52 Anwar)

HIT-Pa-003

HYPERSENSITIVITY

Chapter 65: (Levinson)

Just do the topics mentioned below :

• Definition
• Table 65.1
• Table 65.2
• Table 65.3
• Mediators of type 1 hypersensitivity (only names)
• Fig 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.4
• Table 65.4
• EM steven johnson syndrome TEN (read)

HIT-Pa-004

• Transplant rejection and Graft vs Host disease(Ch#53 from Anwar)
• Autoimmune diseases(Ch#57 Anwar)(Read)

Anwar Immunology

Prepared by:    

Muhammad Haris Nawaz (G13)

Hadia Imtiaz Khan (G13)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

GENERAL MEDICINE

Recomended Books:

• Irfan Masood Medicine
• EFY(episode final year)PPs of final year

Important Topics: (For MCQs)

• After block 8, these topics will be on ur fingertips, Abhi k liye EFY se read kar lo in topics ko, INFECTIOUS DISEASES ch name hai aur pp mcqs b dekh lena , proff mein mainly scenario ata hai jis mein kch clinical features diye hote aur causative organism btana hota etc, aur is k ilawa Sir Ali Shakeel ki b 2 pdfs hein in sare topics pe,wo b read kar lein tu idea ho jata hai,

Common bacterial diseases:

• Staphylococcal infections (scalded skin syndrome)
• Typhoid
• Cholera
• Diphtheria
• Tetanus
• Botulism
• Syphilis
• Acute diarrhoea
• TB
• Pneumonia

Common viral diseases:

• Measles
• Mumps
• Chicken pox and shingles
• HIV(sexually transmitted infection)

Other Topics: (Read Only)

• Infectious mononucleosis
• Malaria
• Rheumatic fever
• Dengue 
• Covid 
• HSV
• Meningitis
• Brucellosis
• Leptospirosis

GENERAL SURGERY

Recomended Books:

• Chapter 3 OR
• Mbbs cafeteria bailopedix (its a short book of bailey)

Must remember gold standard treatment or management…or any investigation of choice…such things are asked in mcqs

Burn:

Classification of burns and it’s management

• Classification (partial thickness and full thickness burns)
• How to find TBSA … vvimp for mcq
• Management (pre hospital management, assessment of burned patient,airway assessment, assessment of percentage of burn, depth of burn, circumferential involvement and hospital management )

Shock:

Identify hemorrhage and shock in trauma patient

• Haemorrhages (imp-Clinical classification? Management of hypovolemic shock/Treatment of haemorrhage (v.imp).? Dynamic fluid response and interpretation?
• Shock (imp-Define? Classify?Clinical effects? Parameters in staging severity of shock? consequences of irreversible shock? Factors to catagorize as compensated and non compensated shock?)
• Septic shock (imp-Clinical findings?Principles of management? )Causes of obstructive shock?
• Monitoring of patient with shock ? (vvvv.imp)

Wound:

• V.imp for mcq
• Stages of wound healing..imp
• Types of wounds…imp

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

• Give a read to concepts of health and disease from Chapter 2 of Excel Community Medicine

Prepared by:

                           Christopher Stephen (G12)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Friends Behavioral Sciences 3^rd Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

UHS 7^th Block

  (Module No 12)

Chapter 1:

F2-BhS-001

• Do def and importance of behavioral sciences/holistic approach
• BPS model is vvvvimp, asked in the pps and you need to do it thoroughly
• Model of health is also vimp, the terms like homeostasis allostasis, distress/eustress are also imp and they come as MCQs in your proff exam
• You should have a clear concept of yerk dodson curve and sickrole/malingering etc

UHS 7^th Block

  (Module No 13)

Chapter 2:

GPh-BhS-001

• Some common ethical dilemmas are enlisted on pg 26/27, read them and understand the concept and you’ll be able reproduce these in your exams
• MCQs are also asked from this portion
• Do types of euthanasia as well

Prepared by:

                           Chaman Zulfiqar (G12)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

                     Nauman Waheed (G13)

Reference Books:

• NRA Forensic Medicine
• Shahbaz Forensic Medicine

F2-For-001:

• Def of forensic med from Shehbaz pg no. 2 + Branches of forensic med (not mentioned in book properly). Here I’m listing all these branches:

1.  Forensic Pathology
   • Deals with determining the cause of death through autopsy.
   • Helps in cases of unnatural, sudden, or suspicious deaths.
2. Clinical Forensic Medicine
   • Involves examining living individuals (e.g., in cases of assault, rape, drunkenness).
   • Includes age estimation and injury certification.
3. Forensic Toxicology
   • Focuses on detecting and interpreting drugs, alcohol, and poisons in the body.
4. Forensic Psychiatry
   • Deals with the relationship between mental disorders and criminal behavior.
   • Assesses criminal responsibility, competency, and insanity.
5. Forensic Odontology
   • Uses dental evidence for identification in mass disasters, bite mark analysis, etc
6. Forensic Anthropology
   • Identifies skeletal remains, estimates age, sex, stature, and ancestry.
7. Forensic Serology and DNA Analysis
   • Involves blood typing, semen analysis, and DNA profiling for identification.
8. Forensic Entomology
   • Studies insects on decomposed bodies to estimate time of death.
9. Forensic Radiology
   • Use of imaging (like X-rays, CT scans) in legal investigations (e.g., age estimation, fractures, hidden foreign bodies).
10. Digital and Cyber Forensics
    • Involves recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices.
11. Forensic Ballistics
    • Study of firearms, bullets, and ammunition to solve crimes involving guns.

F2-For-002:

• Def, types and stages of evidence from NRA chap 2, pg no 9, just below table 2.1

F2-For-003:

• Not given in book properly, You can do it from here:

In forensic medicine, accurate diagnosis of death is crucial for the following reasons:

1. Confirmation of Death: Forensic experts must confirm death beyond doubt before initiating any legal or postmortem procedures.

2. Time Since Death (Postmortem Interval): Early and accurate diagnosis helps estimate the time of death, which is vital in criminal investigations.

3. Determination of Cause and Manner of Death: Diagnosis lays the foundation for investigating whether the death was natural, accidental, suicidal, or homicidal.

4. Legal Proceedings: The diagnosis provides a medico-legal basis for court evidence, insurance claims, police reports, and inheritance rights.

5. Avoidance of Premature Burial or Cremation: Ensures that a person is not mistakenly buried or cremated alive due to conditions mimicking death (e.g., catalepsy, coma, hypothermia).

6. Organ Transplant Laws: In cases of brain death, forensic confirmation is necessary before organ harvesting, according to legal and ethical standards.

7. Protection Against Crime: Prevents concealment of crimes, such as murder being passed off as a natural death.

In forensic medicine, the diagnosis of death is not just medical—it’s a legal responsibility with major implications for justice and public safety.

F2-For-004:

• Shahbaz chap 4 pg no 77 (determination and certification of cause of death)
• NRA chap 12 table 12.3+ pg 143, 144 along with Fig 12.13

F2-For-009:

• Shahbaz section 3 pg no 455 (trace evidence with types)

F2-For-010:

• NRA chap 5 pg no 36 (last paragraph) till pg 37 
• SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg no 61 
• SHAHBAZ chap 12 pg no 272 (dying declaration)

Prepared by:

                     Savira (G13)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Anwar Microbiology 2^nd Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

(F2-Pa-003)

Chapter 2:

• Gram negative and gram positive difference very imp for seq
• Choice of antibiotic will be shared in following

Key Points for Selecting Antibiotics for Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative Bacteria

When selecting antibiotics, consider the following points:

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

1. Cell Wall Structure: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, making them susceptible to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

2. Antibiotic Options: Penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid are effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

1. Outer Membrane: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

2. Antibiotic Options: Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and carbapenems (e.g., meropenem) are effective against many Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics:

1. Fluoroquinolones: Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

2. Carbapenems: Effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL-producing bacteria.

Factors to Consider:

1. Spectrum of Activity: Choose antibiotics with a spectrum of activity that covers the suspected or confirmed pathogens.

2. Resistance Patterns: Consider local resistance patterns and the patient’s previous antibiotic exposure.

3. Patient Factors: Consider the patient’s age, renal function, liver function, and other underlying medical conditions when selecting antibiotics.

4. Side Effects and Toxicity: Choose antibiotics with a favorable side effect profile and minimal toxicity.

Importance of Culture and Sensitivity Testing:

Culture and sensitivity testing can help identify the specific pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, guiding targeted therapy and optimizing treatment outcomes.

(F2-Pa-004)

Chapter 4:

• Conjugation ( very imp for seq) +it’s diagram
• Transduction and transformation (just do definitions)

Chapter 5:

• Classification of bacteria ( from table)
• Levinson table 5.1

Chapter 6:

• Colonization resistance imp
• Normal Flora(imp for mcqs)

Chapter 8:

• Culture media is best described in your practical notebooks and in Anwar chp 8 (imp for mcqs and ospe point of view)

Chapter 10:

• Antimicrobial resistance mechanism(vvvv.imp for seq)
• Do cram this resistance mechanism

Classification Parasites:

Classification of Fungi:

Classification of Viruses:

Prepared by:

                           Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

                     Nauman Waheed (G13)

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

Reference Books:

• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes
• MultiAuthor’s
• Dr Ajmal Lecture Notes

PHARMACOKINETICS

F2-PH 001 to  F2-PH 011:

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• Additional Definitions from multiaurthor includes:
• Pharmacology
• Drug
• Branches Of Pharmacology

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:

                       Alisha Athar (G13)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Robbins Pathology 11th Edition
• Anwar General Pathology 2^nd Edition

Chapter 6: (Anwar General Pathology)

F2-Pa-001

• Mutation and its types
• Autosomal recessive disorders
• Autosomal dominant disorders
• X linked disorders
• Learn their characteristics and make a list of examples of these disorders (vvimp)
• Pcr from google or from lippincot biochemistry

F2-Pa-002

Do the following syndromes from Anwar: (Learn karyotypes from Medium Robbins chap 4)

• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers Danlos syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Turner syndrome

Chapter 2: (Anwar Microbiology)

F2-Pa-003

• Gram negative and gram positive difference very imp  
• Choice of antibiotic will be shared in following

Key Points for Selecting Antibiotics for Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative Bacteria

When selecting antibiotics, consider the following points:

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

1. Cell Wall Structure: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, making them susceptible to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

2. Antibiotic Options: Penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid are effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

1. Outer Membrane: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

2. Antibiotic Options: Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and carbapenems (e.g., meropenem) are effective against many Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics:

1. Fluoroquinolones: Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

2. Carbapenems: Effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL-producing bacteria.

Factors to Consider:

1. Spectrum of Activity: Choose antibiotics with a spectrum of activity that covers the suspected or confirmed pathogens.

2. Resistance Patterns: Consider local resistance patterns and the patient’s previous antibiotic exposure.

3. Patient Factors: Consider the patient’s age, renal function, liver function, and other underlying medical conditions when selecting antibiotics.

4. Side Effects and Toxicity: Choose antibiotics with a favorable side effect profile and minimal toxicity.

Importance of Culture and Sensitivity Testing:

Culture and sensitivity testing can help identify the specific pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, guiding targeted therapy and optimizing treatment outcomes.

HEMATOLOGY 

Reference Books

• Robbins Pathology 11th Edition
• Pathoma

HIT-H-001,002,003

Note: learn all morphologies from Ammara morphology pdf

RED CELL DISORDERS

Chapter 5:(Pathoma)

• Complete chapter except sideroblastic anemia

Things to do from Robbins:

• Table 10.1
• Table 10.2
• Fig 10.4
• Fig 10.5
• Table 10.5
• Elliptocytosis from google
• Hemoglobinopathies (from google)

BLEEDING DISORDERS

Chapter 4: (Pathoma)

• Complete chapter except thrombosis and embolism
• Fig 10.30 from robbins

WHITE CELL DISORDERS

Chapter 6: (Pathoma)

• Complete chapter

Things to do from robbins:

• Table 10.7
• Fig 10.18
• Table 10.8
• Table 10.9
• Fig 12.13
• Table 12.10
• HL morphology (vvimp) (pic shared below)
• Gastric lymphomas (pic shared below)
• Complications of transfusion (from robbins)
• Hazards of transfusion + Prevention  (google)
• Changes in stored blood (google)

Prepared by:

                     Aneesa Asif and Irij Sial G13

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

         

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

Recommended Books:

• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes
• MultiAuthor’s Pharmacology
• Dr Ajmal Lecture Notes

Note:

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• Mini Katzung chap 1-5
• Lippincott General Pharma chapters

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• To do from Multiauthor:
  • Baised Agonist
  • Idiosyncrasy with example
  • Cumulation with example
  • Drug dependence
  • Active principles of drugs
  • Adverse drug reactions
  • Drug allergy
  • Pharmacogenetic (continuous variation and discontinuous variation with all seven examples)

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Recomended Books:

• Mini Katzung Pharmacology 16^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

NOTE:

• One of the most imp topic of pharmacology, you should have grip on this topic.
• Take vedio lectures from MBS medi litrature + Dr najeeb and any lecture of your choice
• Dr Ajmal lecture’s notes will help you a lot for concept building (so write down his lecture)
• Must do MCQ at end of chapter and skill keeper questions (answers are given at the end of chapter sometimes it can be asked in SEQ)

DISCLAIMER:

• Kisi b topic ko start krny Sy phly drugs classification krty hain, wo ap ny Ali raza notes sy krni ha, phly achy sy classification of drugs ratt lo phir chapter start kro
• Dr ajmal k lectures lazmi note krna aur un k points ko book par hi likh lena
• Chapter complete krny k badd last summary table lazmi krna, route, duration, medical effects and side effects***Saab Rattna
• Skill keeper questions and answers lazmi krna G11 ko 3 SEQ ay thy is mai sy
• When you done with ANS, use kaplan pharmacology for mcqs aur jo side points likhy hain Kaplan ma, wo b SEQ a jty

(GPh-PH-002 to 003)

MINI KATZUNG

CHAPTER 6:

• Give a read to high yield terms
• Fig 6.1
• Fig 6.2 (imp seq)
• Table 6.1
• Table 6.2
• Table 6.3
• Figure 6.5

CHAPTER 7:

• Complete chapter is very Imp + Dr ajmal’ lecture notes
• All tables are vvvvvv imp
• First do table 7.3 then go thru whole chapter
• Summary table is vvvvvvvv imp******

CHAPTER 8:

• Whole chapter is hell Imp****
• Table 8.1 & 8.2*****
• Summary table********

CHAPTER 9:

• Whole chapter****
• Table 9.1***
• summary table******

CHAPTER 10:

• Whole chapter (most important for SEQ n McQ)****************
• Last table 10.2 for glaucoma****
• Summary table*******

BIG KATZUNG

TOPICS:

• Table 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.3

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:                                                                                          

                           Aneesa Asif (G12)                            

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

   

BLOOD

Recommended Books:

• Mini Katzung

• Classification from Ali Raza Notes  

CHAPTER 34: (Mini Katzung)

HIT-H-003

• Classification from Ali Raza notes
•  Whole chapter is vvv imp***
• Heparin and warfarin difference***
• HMW and LMW heparin difference*(mentioned in Ali Raza notes)
• Just give a read to summary table

IMMUNOLOGY

HIT- Pa-002:

• Do classification from Ali Raza notes
• Use kaplan for this topic as it is minor topic

VIROLOGY

HIT- Pa-004:

• Classification from notes
• Use kaplan for this topic but do whole topic as mentioned in Kaplan
• From Katzung Chapter 49:
• Figure 49.1
• Figure 49.2
• Table 49.2

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:

                       Usman Qaisar (G13)                           

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Book:

• Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by Dr. Ali Raza Chaudary

Chapter 1:

• Qisas and diyat act (table)

Autopsy:

• Complete Chapter

Thanatology:

• Complete Chapter

Personal Identity:

• Till Dactylography

Must do Past papers MCQs of all