medicoguides.com

Prepared by:

                     Hassan e Muhammad (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Recommended Book:

• Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

Reference Books:

• Jaypee Essentials of Medical Physiology 6^th Edition

MEMBRANE PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 5:

MS-P-001:

• Membrane potentials across selectively permeable membrane pg 63  (read for Basic concept + mcqs)

MS-P-002:

• ⁠Normal distribution of Ca Cl Na and K across membrane from fig 4.1
• Membrane potential vs Nerst potential
• Nernst potential and it’s basis
• Nernst equation (calculate the nernst potential  for Na and K by putting values in the equation)

MS-P-003:

• Goldman Equation pg 64 imp(use to calculate diffusion potential & resting potential when membrane is permeable to several different ions)

MS-P-004:

• Resting membrane potential of neurons pg 65
• Table 5.1 (mcqs)
• Fig 5.5
• Origin of RMP (seq)  & physiological basis i.e factors contributing
• ⁠Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia( imp)  ( pic is shared in the group)
• ⁠Membrane Stabilizers ( lidocaine, calcium, mexiletine, valproic acid)
• ⁠Inhibition of excitability stabilizers and local anesthetics pg 76 ( v imp) and their mechanism of action

MS-P-007:

• Neuron action potential pg 67 (definition+ all stages)
• Fig 5.6 imp ( also do it from the pic shared in the group )
• Voltage gated Na and K channels
• Na channels can be blocked by tetrodotoxin when applied outside the cell membrane (mcq)
• K channels can be blocked by tetraethylammonium ion when applied to interior of nerve fibre (mcq)
• Initiation of action potential pg 71( read)
• Propagation of action potential (read)
• All or nothing principle pg 72 (imp)
• Re establishing Na and K ionic gradients after action potential pg 72 (imp)
• Properties of action potential (pic is shared in the group)
• Monophasic action potential (pic is  shared in the group)
• Refractory period ( pic is shared in the group) relative v/s absolute

⁠ MS-P-008:

• Role of Other ions during action potential pg 70 blue box ( v imp + tetany is seq ) role of Ca+ in it
• Rheobase , chronaxie , utilization time ( vimp pic is shared in the group)

MS-P-011:

• Special characteristics of signal transmission in nerve trunks (imp) pg 74
• saltatory conduction and its importance

Chapter 31: (Jaypee)

MS-P-009(a):

• Graded potential + table 31.1 basis& properties
• Graded vs Action Potential difference
• Compound Action Potential .. basis& properties

NERVE PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 134:(Jaypee)

MS-P-005(a):

• Complete chapter till functionsof neurilemma
• Neuron anatomy
• Neuron classification
• Myelin sheath, neurilemma

Chapter 138: (Jaypee)

MS-P-005(b):

• Complete chapter 
• Neuroglial cells and their roles
• Myelination process
• Axonal transport ( pic is shared in the group)

Chapter 135: (Jaypee)

MS-P-006:

• Complete chapter
• Nerve fibers classification  table 135.1

Chapter 140: (Jaypee)

MS-P-009(b): Synapse

• Fig 140.4
• Fig 140.5

MS-P-010:

• Functional classification of synapse
• Fig 140.2 +140.3

Chapter 137: (Jaypee)

MS-P-012:

• Multiple Sclerosis
• GB syndrome (google)
• Causes, features and pathophysiology
• Degeneration of neuron two types
• Regeneration of neuron

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY

Chapter 6:

MS-P-013:

• Physiological anatomy of skeltal muscle
• Sarcomere
• Fig 6.3
• Jaypee Table 28.1 (Diference)

MS-P-014:

• ⁠ Charcteristics of muscle contraction
• Fig 6.12
• Also do examples Of Isotonic and isometric contraction
• Fast vs slow muscle fibres

MS-P-015:

• Motor unit
• Force summation
• Multiple summation
• Frequency summation and tetanization (imp)
• Treppe
• muscle fatigue
• Remodeling +Blue box

Chapter 7:

MS-P-016:

• Complete Chapter
• Anatomy, generation and conduction of impulse at NMJ
• Generation of endplate potential
• Excitation and contractions coupling (imp)
• Myasthenia Gravis (v.imp )
• NMJ enhancer and inhibitors

Chapter 8:

MS-P-017:

• Types of Smooth Muscle
• Physiologivcal basis Of Smooth Muscle contraction
• Smooth muscle contraction without Action Potential
• Hormones causing contractions without Action Potential
• Latch mechanism and importance
• Stress Relaxation
• Regulation By Calcium
• Nervous and hormonal Control (Complete till end)

Prepared by:

                     Mahnoor (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Overview:

• If you do it in a right way, you can get all those easy marks.
• Give priority to notes shared in the group and give a read to book for mcqs

Things To Do In Histology:

• Diagrams are very important, 1st year diagrams are quite easy. Every diagram is important (frequently asked in exams)
• Histology’s trick is same as that of Gross anatomy (Visual memory), Visualize the Pictures and its features! Thats all they ask.

Reference Books:

• Medical Histology by Laiq Hussain Revised 7^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
• Difiore’s Atlas of Histology
• Mannual Of Histology (your practical notebook!)
• Shortlisted notes of histology are also shared in the group (By Zayn ul Hassan from G12)

Chapter 7: (Cartilage)

(MS-A-075, MS-A-076)

• Histo diagram of every type (vv imp)
• Diff b/w 3 types from your practical copy with examples (asked in viva)
• Microscopic features and function of perichondrium

Chapter 8: (Bone)

(MS-A-072, MS-A-073, MS-A-074)

• Organic and inorganic matrix for mcqs
• Metabolic role of bone
• Diff b/w types from your practical copy
• Haversian system (v imp)
• Compact and spongy bone diagram (vvv imp)
• Ossification types and features
• Zones of growth (mcqs)
• Bone repair recall it from GA /NOTES
• Clinicals (Osteoporosis, osteopenia, osteopetrosis, osteophytes)
• Appositional growth and Interstitial growth(our proff qs)

Chapter 10: (Muscular tissue)

(MS-A-070, MS-A-071)

• Diff b/w muscle types from practical copy
• Caveolae, dark, light, I and A band, sarcomere for mcqs
• Triad and diad present in which type
• Intercalated disc (imp proff qs)
• Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle fibres
• Histopathology of Leiomyoma.

Prepared by:

                     Mahnoor (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• KLM Clinically Oriented Embryology 11^th Edition
• Langman Medical Emryology 14^th Edition

Note:

• Do all clinicals

Chapter 11: (Langman)

MS-A-065:

• Skip genetic and molecular factors
• Straited skeletal muscle development make flow chart
• Innervation Of Axial
• Skeletal Muscles + fig 11.4
• Origin of muscles from abaxial and primaxial precursor table 11.1 (vvvv imp)
• SMCs and Cardiac development just read it
• Clinicals
• Poland sequence
• Prune belly syndrome
• Muscle dystrophy

Chapter 12: (Langman)

MS-A-066:

• Limb development and growth. Shortlist it & Make a flow chart
• Topographic anatomy of UL and LL
• Fig 12.5(imp)
• All clinicals given in Langman (vvv imp)
• Amelia
• Meromelia
• Phocomelia
• Cleft Hand and Foot
• Polydactyly
• Brachydactyly
• Syndactyly
• Congenital club foot

Chapter 14: (KLM)

MS-A-069:

• Development of bone and cartilage only

Chapter 16: (KLM)

MS-A-067:

• Blood supply of limbs
• Cutaneous innervation of limbs

Prepared by:

                     Ibtihal Iftikhar (G14)

                     Muhammad Abdul Rehman Wazir (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry 8^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
• Satyanarayana Biochemistry 6^th Edition
• Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry 30^th edition
• ABC of Clinical Genetics 3^rd edition
• Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry 8^th edition
• Instant Biochemistry by Faiq Ahmed 3^rd edition

CARBOHYDRATES

Chapter 2: (From Satya)

MS-B-001:

• Classification of carbohydrates:
• General Classification pg # 9 & 10
• Monosaccharide Classification pg # 11 (Table 2.1 & 2.2)
• Oligosaccharide(disaccharide) Classification pg # 19 & 20
• Polysaccharide Classification pg # 20 to 25
• Biomedical importance of each class of carbs is given along with their classification

MS-B-002:

• Isomerism of carbohydrates pg # 10 to 15

MS-B-003 (a):

• Physical properties of carbohydrates
• Chemical properties of carbohydrates (Reactions of monosaccharides) pg # 15 to 18
• Difference between proteoglycans and glycoproteins is given in the pic shared below

Chapter 14:

MS-B-003 (b):

• Structure, function & clinical significance of Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) pg # 173 to 175 (till before synthesis only) (Fig 14.4 vvvv.imp)

Chapter 8:  

MS-B-003 (d):

• Transport & uptake of glucose, pg # 105 to 107 (heading IV. Glucose transport into cells)
• Glycolysis reactions & regulation (heading V. Glycolysis reactions, heading VI. Hormonal regulation)

Chapter 9:  

MS-B-004:

• Full chapter in detail

PROTEINS

Chapter 4:

MS-B-003 (c):

• Structure & function of Fibrous proteins pg # 45 to 50 (Collagen) & pg # 52 (Elastin)
• Fig 4.7 is imp ( Rather than doing the whole text, you can do biosynthesis from this fig )
• Diseases associated with Fibrous proteins pg # 50 to 53 (Ehler-Danlos syndrome, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Alport syndrome & Emphysema)
• Role of Vitamin C in collagen synthesis (Hydroxylation) pg # 49
• Duchene Muscular Dystrophy from the PDF with you.

Chapter 19:  

MS-B-005:

• Digestion & absorption of proteins, pg # 271 to 276

MS-B-006:

• Transamination from pg # 276 to 278
• Oxidative Deamination from pg # 278 to 279
• Do Deamidation, Decarboxylation & Transdeamination from PDF shared.

MS-B-007:

• Role of PLP covered in Transamination reaction ( Fig 19.9 )
• Role of Glutamate, Glutamine & Alanine (GLUCOSE-ALANINE CYCLE) pg # 279 (Topic : Ammonia transport to liver)
• For ammonia transport to liver, 2 pathways are mentioned, do both+ Fig 19.13 (vvv imp)

MS-B-008:

• Urea Cycle pg # 279 to 282

MS-B-009:

• Hyperammonemia pg # 282 till end of chapter

Chapter 20:  

MS-B-010:

• Metabolism of Amino Acids pg # 290 to 298

MS-B-011:

• Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders pg # 298 till end of chapter

VITAMINS

Chapter 28:  

MS-B-003 (c):

• Sources, functions, active form & deficiency of Vit C, pg 427 & 428

MS-B-007:

• Role of PLP, pg # 428

Amino Acid Metabolism Reactions by Medico Guides

Prepared by:

                      Hanzala Masood (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Zuha Iftikhar (G14)

Recommended Book:

• BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy 8^th Edition
• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions 10^th Edition

UPPER LIMB

Muscles:

• All muscles from tables of Snell with nerve supply and action (Especially remember actions of muscles as they are v imp) 
  • Muscles of hypothenar eminence(College block 2 SEQ)
  • Also thoroughly go through muscles on model or 3D app because in PROFF we were asked to locate a particular muscle on muscle model and tell it’s action.

Nerves:

• All nerves are very important (Root value ,Course, Muscles supplied by nerve ,branches, lesions covered in clinicals)
  • From Appendix of BD
    • (Sometimes they are not covered from appendix. If, then study each nerve separately in respective chapters of BD and try to combine the course and branches in the form of your own notes) Otherwise go for Snell.
• Preferable to do all nerves from Snell as clinicals are mostly asked from Snell 
• Musculocutaneous Nerve 
• Axillary nerve (College block 2 SEQ)
• Radial nerve 
• Median nerve 
• Ulnar nerve 

Clinicals:

From pdf shared 

• Must give a good read to clinicals from Snell as lines of Snell were given in mcqs in PROFF 2024

No need to do surface landmarks and only some fasciae are important

For Gross Anatomy:

• Try to visualize things first from Atlas/ Atlas app
• and then read book. In this subject , thing can only be remembered when you properly visualize it and then read the book. Also, Revision is the key for retention of content.

Lecture sources that can be used:

• Dr.Azam , Johari Mbbs , Essentials of medical science , TCML others
• Practice MCQs are  v.imp in Gross especially scenarios.
• Use BRS Gross Anatomy for practicing scenario MCQs (highly recommended) as well as past papers.

Chapter 2:

• Bones (Snell’s Anatomy Diagram + Bone models)
  • In PROFF 2024 No diagram of Snell was given Bone was given on which different landmarks like tubercles/trochanters/ etc. were asked.
• Follow following points for any bone:
  • Carefully listen to lecture 
  • Watch video lecture of bone ( Johari MBBS, Angelina Issac ,others) those which elaborate bone on 3D model or original bone model 
  • Take the bone model and then study diff. aspects like features/attachments/landmarks on that model.
  • Do bones from BD and only bone diagram from Snell for OSPE purpose.
  • Try to make a voice note/recorded note of Bones and nerves and listen to it often to revise and your topic will be revised in max 5-7 min( it’s a beneficial way. You can go for this method if it suits you)

(This method would be helpful in both theory and OSPE In sha Allah)

• Things asked from bones in written exam are mainly ATTACHMENTS & CLINICALS.
  • Side determination
  • Features
  • Attachments Just do superficially for imp muscles. Also do important ligaments like suprascapular/glenoidal labra etc.
  • All clinicals 
  • skip ossification 
  • Just do the names and arrangement of carpel bones (skip everything else related to it also skip metacarpals and phalanges) 

Chapter 3:

• Superficial fascia (give a good read to its contents i.e. cutaneous vessels and nerves for mcqs)
• Platysma ( muscle of facial expression) v.imp (complete)
• Breast v.v.imp(do complete topic except development and histology)
  • lymph drainage of breast v.v.imp ( you can watch Johari mbbs lecture for this)
  • Also do clinicals( amastia polymastia polythelia etc)
• Clavipectoral fascia and structures passing through it (complete topic) v imp 

Chapter 4: IMP

• Axilla v.v.imp 
• introduction 
• base + walls (v.imp) 
• contents imp
• Axillary artery complete with relations of it’s all three parts 
• v.v.v.imp (make mnemonics for relations) 
• Branches of Axillary artery v.imp complete 
• Axillary vein (course + tributaries + drainage)
• Axillary lymph nodes imp ( you can watch Essentials of medical science video for this topic)
• Diagram of Axillary Inlet vv.imp (PROFF 2023 SEQ) from Snell

• Axillary artery is ligated commonly between its 1st part and subscapular artery in case of its blockage or trauma (PROFF 2024 SEQ)
• Brachial plexus vvv.imp most imp topic of this chapter:
• Many Qs are asked from entire topic and especially it’s clinicals 
• do complete topic (skip sympathetic innervation) 
• its diagram v.v.imp (learn to draw it with all it’s cords and branches) 
• Its clinicals will be covered in 
• Clinicals pdf + Snell 
• Erb’s Duchenne + Klumpke’s paralysis v.v.imp
  • For Brachial plexus you can take NINJA NERD lecture (thoroughly covered)

Chapter 5: 

• Triangle of auscultation v imp (PROFF 2024 SEQ SUPP)
• Lumber triangle of petit

Chapter 6: 

• Three parts of deltoid muscle with their actions 
• Rotator cuff v.imp 
• Subacromial bursa v.imp 
• Intermuscular space v.imp ( you can take TCML lecture) imp.
• Anastomosis around scapula (vvv.imp) also know how to draw it as it’s diagram is (PROFF 2024 SEQ)

Chapter 7: 

• Cutaneous innervation diagram + dermatome diagram do it from netter atlas
  • also, you should know how to draw cutaneous innervation and dermatomes (Selfless medicose videos or MBS medi lectures videos)
• Table 7.1 imp complete (leave root values)
• Dermatome def only 
• Superficial vein imp (at least give a very good read to all three veins )
• Lymphatic drainage of Upper limb (watch any video and try to do it in a flowchart) – almost similar to lymph drainage of axilla 

Chapter 8:

• Compartments of arm (give a good read) 
• Anastomosis around elbow v.v.imp 
  • complete topic
  • also learn how to draw it as it is asked in exams
• Cubital fossa, everything is vv.imp (don’t do the details of content)
• Profunda brachii artery imp (complete course + branches)
• Brachial Artery (course+ branches) branches v.imp only name 

Chapter 9:  

• Synovial Sheaths of Flexor Tendons (not that much imp) give it a good read for concept 
• Vincula longa + brevis imp 
• Palmar aspect of wrist and hand imp
• Flexor retinaculum (vvv imp) complete topic 
• Palmar Aponeurosis (vv imp) complete 
• Fibrous Flexor Sheaths of the Fingers (clinically)
• Fascial spaces of hand v.imp (complete topic + table 9.7)
• Synovial sheaths (digital synovial sheaths +ulnar radial bursa) 
• Anatomical snuffbox v.v.imp (complete topic)
• Extensor retinaculum (complete attachments + compartments- table 9.8) v imp 
• Arches of hand (read for concept)
• Doral digital expansion (extensor expansion) read 
• Arteries:
• Radial artery( course and branches in forearm and hand )
• Ulnar artery( course and branches in forearm and hand 
• Superficial and deep palmar arches of hand 

Note: Try to extract the book content and make your own notes for arteries and arches 

Chapter 10: 

• First Cover all BONES and MUSCLES along with their actions. After bones and muscles, all joints will become quite easy
• You’ve to do Type, Variety, Articular Surfaces, Ligaments, Blood Supply, Innervation of joints
• Joints movements & muscles involved in each movement v.v.imp
• Sternoclavicular + Acromioclavicular joint for viva & MCQ only ( do remember the type and other main things)
• Shoulder joint v.v.v.imp 
  • Type
  • Articular surfaces 
  • Stability factors 
  • Ligaments v.imp 
  • Skip relations 
• Bursas blood and nerve supply 
• Movements (only 4 points) + muscles involved (table 10.1 from BD) 
• Skip overhead movement 
• Read scapulohumeral mechanism from SNELL (In our college block ospe we were asked to demonstrate this on humerus and scapula and angles were asked & also in proff, joint model was given and name type and other Qs were asked)
• Elbow joint (vvv imp seq) complete, except Relations -Carrying angle from SNELL.
• Radioulnar joint just read the table 10.2 for viva & MCQ, leave the rest
• Wrist joint complete seq imp except relation also do it’s ligaments from SNELL.
• 1st carpometacarpal joint (seq vvv imp) complete BD 
• Do only the type of rest of the joints for mcq/viva ( must do types of all joints)
• Preferable to do WRIST JOINT and ELBOW JOINT from Snell
•  if you have time then go through ligaments of joints and Types of joints from snell 
• From ligaments you have to do names only but if you have time then also try to remember it’s point of attachment on participating bones 

Anatomy seems difficult but once you start doing it the right way, it will become your favorite. 

All the best!  

T.H Clinicals of upper limb

ALL Clinicals of Upper Limb

All Clinicals Upper Limb (Snell)

Arteries of Upper and Lower Limb

Lymphatics of Upper Limb

Nerves Upper Limb by Rabiya.T

Snell All Muscle Tables

Upper Limb Arteries and Nerve Supply

Upper Limb Notes(Umair Slmc’27)

Prepared & Compiled by:

                                        Zuha Iftikhar (G14) 

Recommended Books:

• BD Chaurasia Human Anatomy 8^th Edition
• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions 10^th Edition

LOWER LIMB

Important:

• All Muscles along with their nerve innervation, action are done from Tables in Snell’s
• But the correct sequence for the first time is to do Bones first with proper muscle attachments, ligaments. landmarks and then move to Muscle Tables.
• Anatomy can be mastered if you visualize things more rather than simply cramming it again on loop by using mnemonics. Prefer Visual Image Memory along with mnemonics, you will master it, Insha’Allah.

Sequence that should be preferred:

Bones:

• How to do it?
  • Take the Lecture of Bone you are going to do. The lecture should be the one in which they are teaching you through 3D animation or through real bone.
  • Memorize along with the lecture, prefer to issue Bones from your museum and learn by holding bone along with Lecture & memorize along with it (It is Important as in Proffs models and real bones were asked)
  • After Lecture, repeat all the landmarks, muscle and ligament attachments by yourself on the bone, or teach some other fellow of yours (choose any option as per your convenience).
  • After that Read BD, you already have mastered the bone now, if some points are left, Mark those and every time you revise the bone again you will only read those different points only.
• Which Lectures to take for Bone?
  • Johari MBBS ( as it is according to BD ), & some other Indian tutors, teaching through real bone or 3D animation.
• Bone Sequence:
  • Hip Bone ( IMP ) Asked in Proff OSPE and in Block internal as well.
    • It is asked in the form of Questions at OSPE stations i.e. Locate the origin of Hamstring Muscles on the bone (Real Bone Infront) ? Name the Part. Or Hold the Bone in the correct way ( Proper side determination) and tell this Bone is of which side. etc.
    • SO, You must do the bone properly.
  • Femur ( IMP ) , Asked in Proff OSPE .
  • Tibia ( IMP ), asked in Proff OSPE and Block Internal as well.
  • Fibula ( It is less important than others , and is a tricky one as well) Do Landmarks properly at least and side determination.
  • Rest do the names of bones of foot  and side determination of bones i.e talus , navicular , calcaneus etc.
  • teaching through real bone or 3D animation.
• Clinicals of Bone:
  • Do the clinicals mentioned in BD alongside. And don’t skip clinicals from SNELLS. You must do all clinicals from SNELLS.
• For OSPE:
  • SNELL diagrams and real bones should be done ( Any of them might come at your stations)

Muscles:

• Do all Muscle Tables from SNELLS, Proper Nerve Supply, Origin and Insertion , Muscles of each compartment and their Action.
  • Muscle Tables are the base of your concepts, Memorize it again and again , Understand it Properly. Remember it by using College Models Because in Proff OSPE , Muscles are asked on Models i.e. By pinning a Muscles, Question is asked: Which is the Extensor Muscle? Name & Locate it on the Model. (Questions Like this)
  • Nerve Supply and actions along with origin & insertion are asked in MCQs.
  • Muscles of Sole of Foot ( Names very important Layer wise , Nerve Supply & Action) are Important

 Joints:

• How to do it?
  • For Joints , you have to first understand the anatomy, Bones Involved, Type of Joint they are making, Blood supply , Nerves passing through it (innervation) and very very important Ligaments, Holding it together.
  • For Anatomy , Take Lecture of it first, Ligaments are very Important in Joints
  • After that, Movement of Joints and the Muscles involved in those movements.
  • And then Clinicals of Joints.
• Joints Sequence:
  • Hip Joint (IMP):
    • Type, Articular surfaces, ligaments Important ( their Number and Names and their description as well)
    •  Relations are not Important Just Read it once.
    • Blood Supply, Nerve Supply & Movements are important.
    • Do Hip Joint from BD, As Ligaments are well written there.
    • Table 12.1 from BD.
    • Clinicals from BD & SNELLS both. ( IMP )
  • Knee Joint (MOST IMP):
    • Do it from SNELLS, it is written Better there.
    • Type, Capsule, ligaments ( Important ) Extracapsular & Intracapsular.
    • Menisci (their Clinicals Are more important)
    • Synovial membrane, Bursa ( their number, Location )
    • Nerve supply & Blood supply.
    • Movements ( Most Important ) Locking & Unlocking of Knee Joint ( Very  IMP Viva Qs and as well as Important for writtens )
    • Clinicals from SNELLS & BD
  • Ankle Joint:
    • Your choice to do it either from SNELLS Or BD:
      • Ligaments are most Important in it, Medial or deltoid ligament often asked in viva. And important for MCQs as well.
    • Type & Movements . Do it properly.
  • Rest Do all Remaining Joints from SNELLS, you are done with it then, Only Types & Movements, Ligaments(Names) are important in rest.
• Clinicals of Joints:
  • Do Clinicals from SNELLS & BD both.

BD Chapters:

Now, Start Doing it Chapter wise from BD. Do Nerves Chapter wise from BD or Compartment wise from SNELLS, Choose it as per your choice, so that Better understanding can be developed.

Chapter # 3: Front of Thigh

• Skin and Superficial Fascia:
  • If you understand it properly side by side, Next topics will be very easy for you to comprehend. These Topics are not that much important but it is important to understand them for the base of your concepts.
  • Skin , Superficial Fascia ( Holden’s Line )
  • Cutaneous Nerves ( Make sure to understand these Nerves properly , Draw the diagram and understand their innervation , Course )
  • Patellar plexus
  • Cutaneous Arteries ( Names are Important )
  • Saphenous Vein (If you do it Here , Base will be made and you will be able to comprehend easily in upcoming topics )
  • Lymph Nodes (Names)
  • Bursas (Names Important  till End with clinicals)
• Deep Fascia Complete (IMP Topic for written)
• Femoral Triangle ( Boundaries, Content ,Femoral Sheath, Femoral Canal ) Complete (IMP Topic for written)
• Femoral Artery (femoral vein along) , Profunda Femoris Artery, Deep External Pudendal Artery, Muscular Branches ( origin, course , Branches ) IMP
  • Understand the course and origin and visualise it , through animations or 3D apps or Use Netter Atlas for it.
• Femoral Nerve ( origin, course , branches ) Make a flow chart of its course on sticky note and attach it , it will be easy to comprehend.
• Adductor Canal (  Extent, Shape, Boundaries, Content names ) (IMP Topic for written)

Chapter # 4 : Medial Side of Thigh

•  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables, so just do Nerves and Arteries( origin, course , branches )  from this Chapter along with Clinicals.

Chapter # 5 : Gluteal Region

•  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.
• Structures under cover of gluteus Maximus ( Ligaments , Bursa ) Past Paper Qs
• Trochanteric and cruciate anastomosis (IMP for written)
• Sacrotuberous & Sacrospinous Ligament (IMP)
• Nerves and Arteries of Gluteal Region ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
• Structures passing through Greater & Lesser Sciatic foramen (IMP for written & Viva )

Chapter # 6: Popliteal Fossa

• Popliteal Fossa Complete ( Very IMP for written & Viva )
• Nerves and Arteries As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
• Anastomosis of Knee Joint ( Very IMP for written , Past Block Qs) You have to draw the anastomosis properly . In BD diagram is  not clear. Do it from Youtube Lectures.

Chapter # 7: Back of Thigh

• Nerves As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)  and Arteries ( Anastomosis of Back of Thigh is Important )
•  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.

Chapter # 8,9,10:

• Retinaculas: (Very IMP for written & Viva )
  • Retinacula written in Deep Fascia Topic.
  • Extensor Retinaculum Complete ( Very IMP ) There are mnemonics to memorise it. do use those mnemonics. As these are often asked in viva stations and important for written as well. ( Tall Husbands Are Never Dear Person )
  • Flexor retinaculum Complete as Extensor. Learn it through the mnemonic as well. And do learn it by visualising it will be in long term memory then. (Tina Deserves A Nice Husband )
• All Nerves and all Arteries As mentioned above as well ( Sticky Note Technique) Or You can do it from SNELLS (compartmentwise)
• Tendons of Thigh ( Important Viva Qs )
•  As you have already done muscles from Muscle Tables. Do All Clinicals side by side.

Chapter # 11:

• Venous drainage (vv imp)
• Lymphatic drainage try to do in flow chart

Arches of Foot:  UHS Proff 2023 Qs

• Do it from SNELLS, It is very well written in it., It is an Important Topic. Do it completely from Snells. And clinicals Side by Side.

Arteries and nerves:  

• You can revise Nerves and Arteries after doing Chapterwise & Compartmentwise from Appendix at the End of BD.

That’s all from my side. Anatomy is a distinguishing subject, if you master this, you are ahead of many just because of it. Best Wishes!