3rd YEAR MBBS Study Guide

Prepared by:

                     Savira (G13)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Anwar Microbiology 2^nd Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

(F2-Pa-003)

Chapter 2:

• Gram negative and gram positive difference very imp for seq
• Choice of antibiotic will be shared in following

Key Points for Selecting Antibiotics for Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative Bacteria

When selecting antibiotics, consider the following points:

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

1. Cell Wall Structure: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, making them susceptible to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

2. Antibiotic Options: Penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid are effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

1. Outer Membrane: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

2. Antibiotic Options: Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and carbapenems (e.g., meropenem) are effective against many Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics:

1. Fluoroquinolones: Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

2. Carbapenems: Effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL-producing bacteria.

Factors to Consider:

1. Spectrum of Activity: Choose antibiotics with a spectrum of activity that covers the suspected or confirmed pathogens.

2. Resistance Patterns: Consider local resistance patterns and the patient’s previous antibiotic exposure.

3. Patient Factors: Consider the patient’s age, renal function, liver function, and other underlying medical conditions when selecting antibiotics.

4. Side Effects and Toxicity: Choose antibiotics with a favorable side effect profile and minimal toxicity.

Importance of Culture and Sensitivity Testing:

Culture and sensitivity testing can help identify the specific pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, guiding targeted therapy and optimizing treatment outcomes.

(F2-Pa-004)

Chapter 4:

• Conjugation ( very imp for seq) +it’s diagram
• Transduction and transformation (just do definitions)

Chapter 5:

• Classification of bacteria ( from table)
• Levinson table 5.1

Chapter 6:

• Colonization resistance imp
• Normal Flora(imp for mcqs)

Chapter 8:

• Culture media is best described in your practical notebooks and in Anwar chp 8 (imp for mcqs and ospe point of view)

Chapter 10:

• Antimicrobial resistance mechanism(vvvv.imp for seq)
• Do cram this resistance mechanism

Classification Parasites:

Classification of Fungi:

Classification of Viruses:

Prepared by:

                           Shahr Bano Sayal (G12)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

                     Nauman Waheed (G13)

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

Reference Books:

• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes
• MultiAuthor’s
• Dr Ajmal Lecture Notes

PHARMACOKINETICS

F2-PH 001 to  F2-PH 011:

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• Additional Definitions from multiaurthor includes:
• Pharmacology
• Drug
• Branches Of Pharmacology

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:

                       Alisha Athar (G13)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Books:

• Robbins Pathology 11th Edition
• Anwar General Pathology 2^nd Edition

Chapter 6: (Anwar General Pathology)

F2-Pa-001

• Mutation and its types
• Autosomal recessive disorders
• Autosomal dominant disorders
• X linked disorders
• Learn their characteristics and make a list of examples of these disorders (vvimp)
• Pcr from google or from lippincot biochemistry

F2-Pa-002

Do the following syndromes from Anwar: (Learn karyotypes from Medium Robbins chap 4)

• Marfan syndrome
• Ehlers Danlos syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Turner syndrome

Chapter 2: (Anwar Microbiology)

F2-Pa-003

• Gram negative and gram positive difference very imp  
• Choice of antibiotic will be shared in following

Key Points for Selecting Antibiotics for Gram-Positive or Gram-Negative Bacteria

When selecting antibiotics, consider the following points:

Gram-Positive Bacteria:

1. Cell Wall Structure: Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, making them susceptible to antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis.

2. Antibiotic Options: Penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid are effective against many Gram-positive bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Gram-Negative Bacteria:

1. Outer Membrane: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.

2. Antibiotic Options: Aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin), and carbapenems (e.g., meropenem) are effective against many Gram-negative bacteria.

3. Resistance Patterns: Consider the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and other resistant strains when selecting antibiotics.

Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics:

1. Fluoroquinolones: Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

2. Carbapenems: Effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including ESBL-producing bacteria.

Factors to Consider:

1. Spectrum of Activity: Choose antibiotics with a spectrum of activity that covers the suspected or confirmed pathogens.

2. Resistance Patterns: Consider local resistance patterns and the patient’s previous antibiotic exposure.

3. Patient Factors: Consider the patient’s age, renal function, liver function, and other underlying medical conditions when selecting antibiotics.

4. Side Effects and Toxicity: Choose antibiotics with a favorable side effect profile and minimal toxicity.

Importance of Culture and Sensitivity Testing:

Culture and sensitivity testing can help identify the specific pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, guiding targeted therapy and optimizing treatment outcomes.

HEMATOLOGY 

Reference Books

• Robbins Pathology 11th Edition
• Pathoma

HIT-H-001,002,003

Note: learn all morphologies from Ammara morphology pdf

RED CELL DISORDERS

Chapter 5:(Pathoma)

• Complete chapter except sideroblastic anemia

Things to do from Robbins:

• Table 10.1
• Table 10.2
• Fig 10.4
• Fig 10.5
• Table 10.5
• Elliptocytosis from google
• Hemoglobinopathies (from google)

BLEEDING DISORDERS

Chapter 4: (Pathoma)

• Complete chapter except thrombosis and embolism
• Fig 10.30 from robbins

WHITE CELL DISORDERS

Chapter 6: (Pathoma)

• Complete chapter

Things to do from robbins:

• Table 10.7
• Fig 10.18
• Table 10.8
• Table 10.9
• Fig 12.13
• Table 12.10
• HL morphology (vvimp) (pic shared below)
• Gastric lymphomas (pic shared below)
• Complications of transfusion (from robbins)
• Hazards of transfusion + Prevention  (google)
• Changes in stored blood (google)

Prepared by:

                     Aneesa Asif and Irij Sial G13

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

         

GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY

Recommended Books:

• Ali Raza Chaudhary Notes
• MultiAuthor’s Pharmacology
• Dr Ajmal Lecture Notes

Note:

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• Mini Katzung chap 1-5
• Lippincott General Pharma chapters

• Do all topics from Ali Raza notes
• To do from Multiauthor:
  • Baised Agonist
  • Idiosyncrasy with example
  • Cumulation with example
  • Drug dependence
  • Active principles of drugs
  • Adverse drug reactions
  • Drug allergy
  • Pharmacogenetic (continuous variation and discontinuous variation with all seven examples)

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Recomended Books:

• Mini Katzung Pharmacology 16^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

NOTE:

• One of the most imp topic of pharmacology, you should have grip on this topic.
• Take vedio lectures from MBS medi litrature + Dr najeeb and any lecture of your choice
• Dr Ajmal lecture’s notes will help you a lot for concept building (so write down his lecture)
• Must do MCQ at end of chapter and skill keeper questions (answers are given at the end of chapter sometimes it can be asked in SEQ)

DISCLAIMER:

• Kisi b topic ko start krny Sy phly drugs classification krty hain, wo ap ny Ali raza notes sy krni ha, phly achy sy classification of drugs ratt lo phir chapter start kro
• Dr ajmal k lectures lazmi note krna aur un k points ko book par hi likh lena
• Chapter complete krny k badd last summary table lazmi krna, route, duration, medical effects and side effects***Saab Rattna
• Skill keeper questions and answers lazmi krna G11 ko 3 SEQ ay thy is mai sy
• When you done with ANS, use kaplan pharmacology for mcqs aur jo side points likhy hain Kaplan ma, wo b SEQ a jty

(GPh-PH-002 to 003)

MINI KATZUNG

CHAPTER 6:

• Give a read to high yield terms
• Fig 6.1
• Fig 6.2 (imp seq)
• Table 6.1
• Table 6.2
• Table 6.3
• Figure 6.5

CHAPTER 7:

• Complete chapter is very Imp + Dr ajmal’ lecture notes
• All tables are vvvvvv imp
• First do table 7.3 then go thru whole chapter
• Summary table is vvvvvvvv imp******

CHAPTER 8:

• Whole chapter is hell Imp****
• Table 8.1 & 8.2*****
• Summary table********

CHAPTER 9:

• Whole chapter****
• Table 9.1***
• summary table******

CHAPTER 10:

• Whole chapter (most important for SEQ n McQ)****************
• Last table 10.2 for glaucoma****
• Summary table*******

BIG KATZUNG

TOPICS:

• Table 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.3

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:                                                                                          

                           Aneesa Asif (G12)                            

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

   

BLOOD

Recommended Books:

• Mini Katzung

• Classification from Ali Raza Notes  

CHAPTER 34: (Mini Katzung)

HIT-H-003

• Classification from Ali Raza notes
•  Whole chapter is vvv imp***
• Heparin and warfarin difference***
• HMW and LMW heparin difference*(mentioned in Ali Raza notes)
• Just give a read to summary table

IMMUNOLOGY

HIT- Pa-002:

• Do classification from Ali Raza notes
• Use kaplan for this topic as it is minor topic

VIROLOGY

HIT- Pa-004:

• Classification from notes
• Use kaplan for this topic but do whole topic as mentioned in Kaplan
• From Katzung Chapter 49:
• Figure 49.1
• Figure 49.2
• Table 49.2

ALI RAZA PHARMA NOTES

Prepared by:

                       Usman Qaisar (G13)                           

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Reference Book:

• Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by Dr. Ali Raza Chaudary

Chapter 1:

• Qisas and diyat act (table)

Autopsy:

• Complete Chapter

Thanatology:

• Complete Chapter

Personal Identity:

• Till Dactylography

Must do Past papers MCQs of all