medicoguides.com

Prepared by:

                     Zuha Iftikhar (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

UHS 1^st Block

  (Module No 01)

Reference Book:

• Langman Medical Embryology 14^th Edition (Latest)

Some Integrations:

• KLM

Learning Objectives:

• These are Mentioned as per the Latest UHS Curriculum of Session 2025-2026

Chapter 1: (LO-F-A-038)

• Do the Definitions Mentioned in the Learning Objectives ( Just Read them Once , Not Important , You can skip as well )

Chapter 2: (LO-F-A-010,011,012,013,014)

• Primordial Germ Cells
• Clinical correlate Teratomas *
• Chromosome theory of Inheritance (Read once)
• Mitosis/Meiosis (You already know about it, Just Do it as Mentioned in Learning Objectives, Difference form)
• Numerical Abnormalities (Important)
  • Important terms: i) Euploid ii) Aneuploid iii) Trisomy iv) Monosomy v) Nondisjunction vi) Translocations (Do it for MCQ POV)
  • Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome (You have to do all the clinical Presentations , Make sure to Memories them through visual Image) Do Definition /concept of Mosaicism given in it.
  • Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, Turner Syndrome, Triple X syndrome ( Clinical presentations through visual Image)
  • Klinefelter Syndrome (Annual system Past Paper SEQ)
    • Do All abnormalities for Scenario-Based SEQ & MCQs
• Structural Abnormalities (Important)
  • Cri-du-chat Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome very Important, Prader-Willi Syndrome Very important, Miller Dieker Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
    • Do Remember which Chromosome is involved in a Particular Abnormality for MCQs
  • Important Terms: i) Deletion ii) Microdeletion iii) Fragile Sites iv) Genomic Imprinting (Viva Qs) Do these for MCQ POV just
• Gene Mutations:
  • Just Remember these terms: i) Single Gene Mutation ii) Mosaicism
• Diagnostic Techniques (not important Just Do the Names only)
• Oogenesis* Important Do complete till End
  • Prenatal= before Birth, Postnatal= At puberty/After Birth (You can do these Topics from KLM as well if you want, otherwise Langman is Good to Go)
• Spermatogenesis* Important Do complete till End
• Clinical Correlate Abnormal Gametes

After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

Chapter 3: [LO-F-A-015,016,017,018,019,020,021(i)]

• Ovarian Cycle, Ovulation Complete
• Corpus Luteum (Formation, Function, Fate) Corpus Albicans, Oocyte Transport Complete
• Clinical correlate Mittelschmerz*
• Fertilization (Define, Phases, Results) Complete very Important :
  • i) Capacitation ii) Acrosome Reaction (MCQs, SEQs, Viva Qs)
• Clinical correlate Contraceptive Methods*, Infertility* Complete
• Cleavage, Blastocyst Formation, Epiblast, hypoblast & Axis formation Complete

Clinical correlate Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells, Abnormal Zygotes (Spontaneous Abortion) Complete

• Uterus at the Time of Implantation

After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

Chapter 4: (LO-F-A-020,021,022)

• Why is it called rule of 2? Because of Embryonic Disc Layers , Trophoblast Layers , Two cavities, extraembryonic Mesoderm Layers.
• Do All Days, and after Reading All Days, Shortlist the Points at the Side of Each Day, This way:

• Important Terms: i) Layers of Trophoblast ii) Amniotic Cavity iii) Lacunar Stage iv) Exocoelomic cavity v) Uteroplacental Circulation vi) Decidua Reaction vii) Primary Villi
• Clinical correlate (Important SEQ):
  • Abnormal Implantation Complete
  • Ectopic Pregnancy/Extra uterine Important  SEQ
  • Pouch of Douglas, Primary ovarian pregnancy
  • Hydatidiform Mole / Molar pregnancy Important SEQ
  • Genomic Imprinting Viva Qs

After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

Chapter 5: (LO-F-A-023,024)

• Gastrulation Complete
  • Primitive Streak (Formation & Fate) Fate is given in the Fate Map Topic Write It Here, By shortlisting.
• Formation of Notochord Important Past Paper SEQ , This topic is Better Explained In KLM Chapter 4.
  •  Do it from KLM & then Read it from Langman as well and then Summaries it here, This Way on Langman:

• Establishment of Body Axes (You can Skip it, just do it for MCQs)
• Fate Map Establishment During Gastrulation *
• Growth of Embryonic Disc
• Clinical Correlate Complete Very Important
  • Holoprosencephaly*
  • Caudal Dysgenesis (Serinomelia) UHS Past paper Modular System 2023 Qs, This Question Came as exact Statement given in Problems to Solve Qs 3 of this Chapter.
  • Situs solitus, situs inversus, laterality defects, situs ambiguous (heterotaxy)
  • Kartagener Syndrome (Important)
• Development of Trophoblast (Do villi from here)

After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

Chapter 6: (LO-F-A-025,026,027,028,029,030)

• Derivatives of Ectoderm (Important)
  • Do it once from Langman and then Derivatives From a Diagram Given in KLM Chapter 5, All germ layer Derivatives summarized form:

• Neurulation (Very Important SEQ, Past Paper) Do it from KLM & Langman Both & then summarise it in the form of Points on Langman. From KLM Chapter 4.
• Neural Crest Cells ( Derivatives) Do take concept of it , its role , Table 6.1 (Important)
• Molecular Regulations are Not Important , If you want Learn just names of Some Involved ( Not seen in Any Past Paper MCQ, SEQ , VIVA)
• Clinical correlate (Important):
  • NTDs i) Anencephaly ii) Spina bifida & its Types ( Types are Given in chapter 10 second Last Clinical correlate ) Often Asked.
  • Folic Acid*
• Derivatives of Mesoderm ( Paraxial , Intermediate, Lateral ) Better to do it from KLM diagram shared above.
• Derivatives of Endoderm Better to do from KLM diagram
• Somite Differentiation (Important)
• Blood and Blood Vessels Complete
• Clinical correlate (Important):
  • Capillary Hemangiomas*
• Folding of Embryo Better to Do it from KLM Chapter 5 for better understanding   or You can do it from Langman given Under heading of Endodermal Derivatives.
• Homeobox Gene ( Skip , Read if you want)
• External Appearance During 2nd Month:
  • Terms to remember : i) Crown-rump length ii) Make points of Changes in appearance ( MCQ POV)
• Clinical correlate: Birth Defect MCQ POV Just read once

After Doing the Complete Chapter , Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

KLM Topics: (Low yield Topics , MCQs)

(LO-F-A-031,032,033)

• Chapter 5 Table 5.1 or You can Read Theory of Highlights of Fourth to Eight Weeks (MCQs)
•  Chapter 5, Estimation of Embryonic Age, Estimation of Gestational & Embryonic Age.
• Chapter 6, Viability of fetuses, Highlights of Fetal period, Factors influencing Fetal Growth (Just Names)
• Chapter 6, Procedures: (Important MCQs)
  • Diagnostic Value of Amniocentesis, Alpha fetoprotein Assay, Chorionic Villi Sampling

Chapter 8: (LO-F-A-032,033,034,035,036,037)

• Development of fetus, monthly changes Time of birth (Just Read for MCQs)
• Clinical correlate:
  • Low birth weight
  • IUGR & SGA
• Fetal Membranes & Placenta with diagram (UHS past Paper Qs)
• Changes in trophoblast , chorion frondosum & decidua Basalis , Structure of Placenta , Full-term Placenta , Circulation of Placenta (Important)
• Functions of Placenta ( Just read Once for MCQs)
• Amnion & Umbilical Cord ( Just Read Important Viva Qs )
• Placental Changes at the End of Pregnancy ( UHS Past Paper Modular System 2023 )
• Amniotic fluid ( Read for MCQs)
• Fetal Membranes in twins Complete Important
• Parturition 
• Clinical correlate:
  • Preeclampsia (Important)
  • Fetal Hydrops & Erythroblastosis fetalis
  • Placental Barrier (Read once)
  • Umbilical Cord abnormalities, Amniotic bands , Polyhydramnios* , Oligo*
  • Premature Rupture of Membrane
  • Vanishing Twins ( Past Paper UHS 2023 )
  • Twin-twin transfusion
  • Conjoined twins
  • Preterm Birth*

After Doing the Complete Chapter , Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.

Chapter 9: (Not Important for SEQs)

(LO-F-A-037,039)

• Principles of teratology
• Table 9.1 Rubell, Toxoplasmosis, X-rays, Hyperthermia, Thalidomide, Warfarin, ACE inhibitors, Alcohol (Important Viva Qs)
• Zika Virus, Antidepressant drugs
• Prenatal Diagnosis: (Read All Once and Mark MCQs & Viva Qs)
  • Maternal Serum Screening
  • Ultrasonography
  • Chorionic villi sampling
  • Stem cell Transplantation & Gene therapy (Just read not Important)

UHS 1^st Block

(Module No 02)

Chapter 11: (KLM)

• Development of spleen (Important for Viva & MCQs)
  • Accessory Spleen (Important)
  • Origin of Spleen

Prepared by:

                     Hanzala Masood (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

UHS 1^st Block

  (Module No 01)

Recommended Book:

• General Anatomy by Laiq Hussain 6^th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)

Chapter 1:

• Anatomical variation and examples

Chapter 2:

• Planes most imp.
• ‎Anatomical position
• ‎Anatomical movements of hand arm head etc for Viva
• ‎Laterality terms

Chapter 3:

• Functions of bone
• ‎Classification from all aspects imp
• ‎Shafts epiphyses and diaphysis of long bone
• ‎Types of epiphyses v.imp ( Proff SEQ)
• ‎Rule of ossification imp ( Proff SEQ)
• ‎Arterial supply of long bones v.v.imp do it from notes
• ‎Recommended lecture selfless medicose
• ‎Healing of fracture
• ‎Cartilage difference v imp from notes

Chapter 4:

• Almost whole chp imp
• ‎Classification on all basis(do flowcharts)v v v imp
• ‎Diarthroses with features from notes then give read to book v v imp
• ‎Movements imp
• ‎Classification of synovial joints from all aspects imp
• ‎Factors of joint stability mcqs
• ‎Nerve supply read
• ‎Hilton’s Law favourite question
• Joints injuries and diseases mcqs

Chapter 5:

• Functions of muscle
• ‎Classification on all basis v vv imp
• ‎Red white intermediate fibres
• ‎Nerve supply and motor unit imp
• ‎Contraction of muscles and their diff imp
• ‎Paralysis also has imp mcqs
• ‎Fascia aponeurosis raphe synovial bursa and sheath new terms for u so do it also

Chapter 6:

• General structure of blood vessels
• ‎Classification of all vessels on all basis capillaries most imp
• ‎Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel
• ‎Anastomosis most imp also has mcqs
• AV shunts and glomus bodies
• ‎Portal system imp viva & written qs
• ‎Lymph from notes

Chapter 7:

• Functions of skin
• ‎Epidermis and dermis
• ‎Appendages of skin full of mcqs
• ‎lines of cleavage read+concept
• ‎Skin Burns (from pic given below)

• Skin infections and Skin Grafting ( Not given in Laiq Hussain. From Tassaduq Husaain General Anatomy pg 11)

Chapter 8:

• Give a read to introduction
• ‎classification morpho and functionally
• ‎Supporting cells imp
• ‎Gray white matter lemniscus mcqs
• ‎Cranial nerves name v.imp
• ‎Spinal nerves no. and distribution
• ‎Plexus names and dermatome
• ‎Classification of receptors v.imp (proff mcq)
• ‎4 parasympathetic ganglia (name only)
• ‎Enteric nervous system

Chapter 9:  

• Read Only ( not so imp)
• ‎CT, X-Ray, MRI (Read)

‎Note:  

• I’ve mentioned all imp topics and that is enough for G.A
• For remaining topics in any chapter give a read for MCQs.
• Carefully do all diagrams of imp topics from Laiq Hussain GA along with theory. By that your Ospe will be prepared side by side with your written exam.

UHS 1^st Block

  (Module No 02)

Spleen:  

• ‎From PDF shared or from Snell’s Anatomy 10th edition

UHS 1^st Block

  (Module No 01)

Prepared by:

                     Zuha Iftikhar (G14)

Compiled by:

                     Hafiz Muhammad Umair Noor (G12)

Overview:

• Block-1 Histology should be Done in detail Once, Study it Once thoroughly and Make Notes or Shortlist it accordingly for Your Ease, whatever Method suits You.
• If you do it in the right way, you can get all the SEQs easily that came in Last 2 Proffs
• Block-1 Histology has a bit lengthy syllabus, Rest 2 Block Histo is very Easy
• In Recent Proff Papers (Annual & Supplementary), Histology Questions (SEQs) from Block-1 came, so it should be ignored.

Things To Do In Histology:

• Diagrams are very important ( practical Ones these are Asked in SEQs mostly), 1st year diagrams are quite easy. Every diagram is important (frequently asked in exams)
• Histology’s trick is the same as that of Gross anatomy (Visual memory), Visualize the Pictures and its features! That’s all they ask.

Reference Books:

• Medical Histology by Laiq Hussain Revised 8th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
• DiFiore’s Atlas of Histology

Notes:

• Shortlisted notes of histology are also shared in the group (By Zayn ul Hassan from G12) & if you want to Make Your Own Notes or shortlist it accordingly, it is well & Good.

Chapter 1: (Can skip / just Read)

• MCQs might come from this chapter
• Single MCQ from Fixation came in UHS Proff 2023 (formalin)

Chapter 2:

• Cell is the same as you have studied in other subjects, but in histology there are some details given below:
• Important to do from Histo:
  • Cytoplasmic inclusions (Pigments)
  • Cytoskeleton
  • Intermediate filaments Types * Important Viva Qs /SEQ
  • Cell Junctions Complete till Junctional Complex * Very Important UHS Past Paper SEQ 2024

Clinicals Important given at the Last Page:

• i) Atresia ii) Hypertrophy iii) Atrophy iv) Hyperplasia v) Metaplasia vi) Differentiation vii) Anaplasia viii) Clinical Application

Chapter 3:

• You should know Epithelium Definition and Examples* (Make Notes , Mnemonics for Examples)
  • Examples are Important for MCQs
  • Diagrams are Important as well for OSPE & SEQ (might come to draw)
  • Urothelium, transitional Epithelium Complete
• Apical Domain Complete Important UHS Supply Paper 2024
• Lateral Domain & Basal Domain (Just Read once for Concept)
• Clinical: Kartagener Syndrome/ Immotile cilia Syndrome Important
• Basement Membrane*
• Functions (Just Read Once, you already Know about Functions)

Chapter 4:

• MCQ POV
• You can do this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared, just do Definitions, Examples for MCQ & Diagrams for SEQ.

Chapter 5:

• You can Cover this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared as well, Or You can read it and make your Own notes / Shortlist accordingly.

• Fibroblasts
• Adipocytes, Macrophages, mast cells, Plasma cells, leukocytes, Do identification points just from your histology practical
• Collagens*
• Do Collagen Fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers from your Histology Practical Notebook

Chapter 6:

• Short list chapter in flow chart, MCQs POV, Diagrams are Important for SEQ
• Diff b/w brown and white adipose
• Types of Dense Connective Tissue for MCQs
• Dense Connective Tissue / Loose connective Tissue Diagram Important for SEQ / OSPE UHS Past Paper 2024

UHS 1^st Block

  (Module No 02)

Chapter 14: 

• Topics of Lymph included in your Learning Objectives (MCQ POV, but included in practicals and also asked in vivas, so do it from notes or Medicnetic pdf shared)
• Blood thymic barrier (Favourite question)

Medicnetic Histology Block-1 Module -1

Medicnetic Histology Block 1 Module-2