NRA chap 12 pg no 132 (2nd para) till pg 141, including fig 12.6 and 12.8
SHAHBAZ chap 4 pg no 87 (algor mortis including factors) + pg no 92 (factors affecting rigor mortis nd conditions simulating rigor mortis + pg 101 (time since death) complete
NRA chap 12 table 12.4
NRA chap 6 table 6.3
For-Th-005:
SHAHBAZ chap 4 pg 81(sudden death) complete topic
For-Th-006:
SHAHBAZ chap 4 pg 78 (cause, manner, mode of death)
For-Th-007:
NRA chap 12 pg no 147 (def of artefact in last paragraph) + table 12.9
For-Th-008:
Not mentioned in book properly. You can do it from google/Chatgpt
For-Th-009:
SHAHBAZ chap 15 pg no 323 (SIDS) Complete topic
For-Au-001:
SHAHBAZ chap 2 pg no 5 (def and types of autopsy till next pg)
For-Au-002:
SHAHBAZ chap 12 pg 259 (Coroner Inquest) till next pg (med examiner inquest)
Procurator Fiscal sys in Scotland (not given in book properly. You’ll have to google it)
For-Au-003:
NRA chap 11 pg 117 and 118 complete
For-Au-004:
NRA chap 11 pg 119(types of incisions). You should know in which condition, which incision is given. For better understanding, give a read till pg 126
For-Au-005:
From google
For-Au-006:
SHAHBAZ chap 2 pg 14 (collection of specimen)
For-Au-007:
NRA chap 11 (autopsy suit) till pg 116
For-Au-008:
NRA chap 11 table 11.2
For-Au-009:
NRA chap 11 pg 126 (def of -ve autopsy + table 11.5)
For-Au-010:
NRA chap 11 pg 127 till 129
For-PI-001:
SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg 37 (def nd types of identity) + pg 39 (methods of identification) + pg 56 (criminal responsibility) + NRA chap 5 table 5.1
For-PI-002:
NRA chap 5 pg 38 (Role of age) till pg 45 complete
For-PI-003:
SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg 43 (last topic) till pg 47 complete + NRA table 5.8 nd 5.9
For-PI-004:
NRA chap 5 pg 45 (dental data) till pg 49 complete
For-PI-005:
SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg 41 (ident of race)
For-PI-006:
SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg 71 (stature determ)
For-PI-007:
NRA chap 5 pg 36 (anthropometry)
For-PI-008:
SHAHBAZ chap 3 pg 61(fing print) + pg 62 (poroscopy)
As in Block-1, 1 SEQ will come from Pathology, Among these Topics , SEQ can come from Cell Injury.
You can Do it from Anwar Pathology
Or You can just Simply Do the Pdfs Given Below:
Chapter 1 ( Just do it thoroughly and Probably and Solve MCQs given at the End )
Medicnetic ( After Doing it from Chapter 1 , go through it once and Do the Topics Or detail not mentioned in Chapter-1 )
Your Pathology will be prepared upto the Mark after this.
Chapter 1 Pathology Block-1 Module -1
Medicnetic Pathology Block-1 Module-1
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 02)
[LO-HL-Pa-001]:
Just do these LOs from Pdfs Shared Below ,
Plus It is recommended to Make Lecture Notes of Pathology So you must Know about Topics In Class and can Learn it in a better way!
Chapter 1 Pathology Block-1 Module-2
Medicnetic Block-1 Pathology Module-2
PHARMACOLOGY
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 01 & 02)
Do it from these pdfs Only , In Block-1 There will be Only MCQs from it.
Chapter-1 Pharmacology Block-1 Module-1 & 2
Medicnetic Pharmacology Block-1 Module-1
Medicnetic Pharmacology Block-1 Module-2
CMED, BS & AGING
Do focus on the Lectures Being delivered in Class for these and Note Down the Lecture as well, MCQs are Easy yet tricky. If you have taken Lecture properly and have made Notes as well , it makes things quite easy.
Essential of Medical Biochemistry by Mushtaq Ahmed 9th edition
Cell: (F-B-001, F-B-002, F-B-004)
Same as cell physiology, if you have prepared that well just revise it
In addition read chapter 1 from Satya and especially the difference table in that chapter between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Do the following diseases: I cell disease, Parkinsonism, Progeria, Refsum disease from Satya and the table given here.
Signal Transduction: (F-B-003)
Do fig 8.7 8.8 & 17.8 (practice drawing them as they’re very imp)
cAMP system pg 103, 104, 105, fig 8.5, 8.7, 8.8
Phospholipase C system pg 228, fig 17.8
The side box of vibrio cholera and whooping cough
Def of signal transduction and importance/uses of G-protein coupled receptor, pictures are given below:
Tidbits:
Signal Transduction: process by which physical or chemical signals are transmitted through cell as a series of molecular events, particularly phosphorylation by protein kinases.
Intracellular signals
Extracellular signals
Juxtacrine Signaling: signaling that requires close contact, a ligand on one surface attaches to receptor on the other.
By secreting molecules:
Endocrine (in blood)
Paracrine (to nearby cells)
Synaptic (through synapses)
Autocrine (to cells own self)
DNA & RNA: (F-B-006, F-B-007)
Most imp topics from Satya chapter 5 are given below:
Chargaff’s Rule and DNA double helix, and learn to draw the schematic diagram of DNA
Different forms of DNA (A, B & Z)
Names of other types of DNA structures (Bent, triple stranded etc.)
Organization of DNA along with diagram
Definition of melting temp and renaturation
Focus on everything under topic of RNA
Pay special attention to learning to draw structure of transfer RNA
Nucleotides: (F-B-005, F-B-008)
Start with first 3 topics only of Chapter Nucleic Acids in Mushtaq (Ch 14)
Do biomedical importance of natural and synthetic analogues from Satya chapter 5 (Purine, Pyrimidine and Nucleotide Analogs topic) as well as look at minor bases found in nucleic acids
Chromosome: (F-B-009)
Do higher organization of DNA from Lippincott chapter 30 page 473, 474 (eukaryotic DNA organization)
Also refer to the diagram below
Difference:
DNA: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for an organism.
Chromatin: DNA is packaged with proteins (like histones) to form a complex called chromatin.
Chromosome: A chromosome is a structure made up of DNA and proteins, where DNA is tightly coiled and packaged.
Chromatid: Before cell division, a chromosome replicates, resulting in two identical copies called sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are joined at a region called the centromere.
Cell Division: During cell division (mitosis or meiosis), the sister chromatids separate, and each becomes an individual chromosome in the daughter cells.
Analogy: Think of a chromosome as a “house” and the chromatids as the two identical “floors” of that house.
Enzymes: (F-B-010)
Best channel for concept of enzymes is Medicosis Perfectionalis on Youtube
Do enzymes with reference to active site, specificity etc. from Lippincott chapter 5
Do nomenclature from Lippincott chapter 5
Do classification of enzymes from Lippincott fig 5.1 (keep in mind a new 7th class of enzymes Translocases)
Do Mechanism of action, Factors, Michaelis Menten Kinetics, Lineweaver Burk plot and Competitive and Non-competitive inhibition from Lippincott chapter 5
Fig 5.12 and 5.14 are vvvvvv imp
Do Uncompetitive Inhibition of enzymes from Mushtaq chapter 6 and Medicosis Perfectionalis
Leave the topic of Enzyme Regulation as it is not mentioned in the syllabus
Do therapeutic use of enzymes from Satya table 6.8
For enzymes used in clinical diagnostics Do Lippincott table 5.2, also do the heading of isozymes on page 70
Do table 6.1 and 6.6 to 6.13 from Satya
For zymogens read passage in Mushtaq under topic properties of enzymes in chapter 6
Amino acids: (F-B-011)
Do classification of amino acids based on polarity from Lippincott fig 1.2 and 1.3
Do structural n dietary classification from Satya chapter 4 page 46 to 51 (skip polarity based classification from Satya as it is wrong)
Do metabolic classification of proteins from Lippincott fig 20.2.
Do structure (page 46), physical and chemical properties (page 51, 52, 53) of amino acids from Satya chapter 4
Do biomedical importance of amino acids from Satya chapter 4 page 55
Do functions of individual amino acids from the pic shared in group (pic reference Lippincott chapter 20 page 305 summary)
Note: If there’s any conflict between the classifications on Lippincott and Satya, prefer Lippincott
Protein: (F-B-012)
Do classification of proteins from Satya chapter 4 page 67, 68.
Do biomedical importance of proteins from Satya chapter 4 page 68, 69 (biologically imp peptides)
For class A and B proteins pictures are shared in the group
Do Structural levels of proteins from Lippincott chap 2
You should be very clear about the difference in alpha helix and beta pleated sheets, the types of stabilizing interactions between proteins at each level, examples of each structural level.
Do the Role Of Chaperones from pg 21 Lippincott.
Do biochemical basis of disorders of proteins misfolding from Lippincott chapter 2
You should be very clear about the biochemical basis of diseases, e.g.
Biochemical basis of Alzheimer’s: It is a deposition of amyloid beta plaques in brain parenchyma. (The simpler, the better)
Plasma Proteins: (F-B-013)
Do plasma proteins from Satya chapter 9
Remember the class of plasma proteins e.g. transferrin is a beta globulin
Immunoglobulins: (F-B-014)
Do structure and biomedical importance of immunoglobulins from Satya chapter 9
Do functions of immunoglobulins from Satya chapter 9
Production, structure and function of plasma cells, b cells is covered in Guyton chp 35. Do it from there.
Do interleukins from Guyton chp 35 pg 467 “ Specific regulatory functions of lymphokines’’ and table 35.1.
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) from Guyton pg 478 first paragraph.
PDGF from Guyton pg 477 first paragraph point no. 6
Do multiple myeloma from Satya chapter 9 page 189, 19
Labs for interpretation of multiple myeloma:
M spike in electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins (Also keep in mind the normal electrophoretic pattern)
Bence Jones proteins in urine
Raised plasma immunoglobulin levels
Pro Tip: You can make your own notes for plasma proteins and immunoglobulins by combining all the relevant information from biochem and physio while preparing for block. These notes will be your go to resource for quick rev during proff and it will save a lot of your time. However, it is not advisable to get yourself busy making notes during the proff days.
Among hemoglobinopathies: thalassemia, sickle cell anemia and methemoglobinemia are especially important. While doing disorders, never forget to do their mode of inheritance.
Iron and Vitamins: (HL-B-003)
Chapter 29(Lippincott) (Page 450 and 451 for iron)
Hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis are disorders of iron metabolism. You can skim through these from YouTube. (Since mod sys is all about clinical relevance, you cannot risk any clinically relevant stuff)
Chapter 28 (Lippincott) (Vitamin B6, B9, B12 and C)
Do all the diseases which may result from vit deficiency. Also you should know what labs are required to diagnose any particular vit deficiency. e.g.
Schilling test for B12
Patient with B9 deficiency presents with high FIGLU in urine.
Haem Degradation: (HL-B-004)
Chap 21 Lippincott
Fig 21.9 and 21.10 is (very important) along with its theory
Jaundice/ Hyperbilirubinemia: (HL-B-005)
Do Hyperbilirubinemia / Jaundice & Types of Jaundice from Lippincott chap 21 pg # 316
Difference between Types of Jaundice based on Lab Investigations
Genetic basis of Jaundice, including:
Crigler Najjar Type 1
Crigler Najjar Type 2
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
Gilbert Syndrome
Rotor Syndrome
This is Dr Najeeb’s lecture which covers all the aspects of this LO. You can make your own lecture notes and get done with this topic for good. Also, this lecture is very extensive (a drawback of Dr Najeeb’s lecs) and there will be terms you may not be familiar with. You don’t need to get stuck with such nuances, just stay focused on your LOs.
Another option is osmosis videos which you can check for all the syndromes mentioned above.
Plasma Proteins: (HL-B-006)
Same as F-B-013 of Foundation Module
Immunoglobulins: (HL-B-007)
Same as F-B-014 of Foundation Module
Single Gene Defect: (HL-B-008)
Do Pedigree of single gene defects from the pictures given below:
These are Mentioned as per the Latest UHS Curriculum of Session 2025-2026
Chapter 1: (LO-F-A-038)
Do the Definitions Mentioned in the Learning Objectives ( Just Read them Once , Not Important , You can skip as well )
Chapter 2: (LO-F-A-010,011,012,013,014)
Primordial Germ Cells
Clinical correlate Teratomas *
Chromosome theory of Inheritance (Read once)
Mitosis/Meiosis (You already know about it, Just Do it as Mentioned in Learning Objectives, Difference form)
Numerical Abnormalities (Important)
Important terms: i) Euploid ii) Aneuploid iii) Trisomy iv) Monosomy v) Nondisjunction vi) Translocations (Do it for MCQ POV)
Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome (You have to do all the clinical Presentations , Make sure to Memories them through visual Image) Do Definition /concept of Mosaicism given in it.
Trisomy 18, Trisomy 13, Turner Syndrome, Triple X syndrome ( Clinical presentations through visual Image)
Klinefelter Syndrome (Annual system Past Paper SEQ)
Do All abnormalities for Scenario-Based SEQ & MCQs
Structural Abnormalities (Important)
Cri-du-chat Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome very Important, Prader-Willi Syndrome Very important, Miller Dieker Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome
Do Remember which Chromosome is involved in a Particular Abnormality for MCQs
Important Terms: i) Deletion ii) Microdeletion iii) Fragile Sites iv) Genomic Imprinting (Viva Qs)Do these for MCQ POV just
Gene Mutations:
Just Remember these terms: i) Single Gene Mutation ii) Mosaicism
Diagnostic Techniques (not important Just Do the Names only)
Oogenesis* Important Do complete till End
Prenatal= before Birth, Postnatal= At puberty/After Birth (You can do these Topics from KLM as well if you want, otherwise Langman is Good to Go)
Spermatogenesis* ImportantDo complete till End
Clinical Correlate Abnormal Gametes
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
Chapter 5: (LO-F-A-023,024)
Gastrulation Complete
Primitive Streak (Formation & Fate) Fate is given in the Fate Map Topic Write It Here, By shortlisting.
Formation of Notochord Important Past Paper SEQ , This topic is Better Explained In KLM Chapter 4.
Do it from KLM & then Read it from Langman as well and then Summaries it here, This Way on Langman:
Establishment of Body Axes (You can Skip it, just do it for MCQs)
Fate Map Establishment During Gastrulation *
Growth of Embryonic Disc
Clinical Correlate Complete Very Important
Holoprosencephaly*
Caudal Dysgenesis (Serinomelia) UHS Past paper Modular System 2023 Qs, This Question Came as exact Statement given in Problems to Solve Qs 3 of this Chapter.
Situs solitus, situs inversus, laterality defects, situs ambiguous (heterotaxy)
Kartagener Syndrome (Important)
Development of Trophoblast (Do villi from here)
After Doing the Complete Chapter, Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
Chapter 6: (LO-F-A-025,026,027,028,029,030)
Derivatives of Ectoderm (Important)
Do it once from Langman and then Derivatives From a Diagram Given in KLM Chapter 5, All germ layer Derivatives summarized form:
Neurulation (Very Important SEQ, Past Paper) Do it from KLM & Langman Both & then summarise it in the form of Points on Langman. From KLM Chapter 4.
Neural Crest Cells ( Derivatives) Do take concept of it , its role , Table 6.1 (Important)
Molecular Regulations are Not Important , If you want Learn just names of Some Involved ( Not seen in Any Past Paper MCQ, SEQ , VIVA)
Clinical correlate (Important):
NTDs i) Anencephaly ii) Spina bifida & its Types ( Types are Given in chapter 10 second Last Clinical correlate ) Often Asked.
Folic Acid*
Derivatives of Mesoderm ( Paraxial , Intermediate, Lateral ) Better to do it from KLM diagram shared above.
Derivatives of Endoderm Better to do from KLM diagram
Somite Differentiation (Important)
Blood and Blood Vessels Complete
Clinical correlate (Important):
Capillary Hemangiomas*
Folding of Embryo Better to Do it from KLM Chapter 5 for better understanding or You can do it from Langman given Under heading of Endodermal Derivatives.
Homeobox Gene ( Skip , Read if you want)
External Appearance During 2nd Month:
Terms to remember : i) Crown-rump length ii) Make points of Changes in appearance ( MCQ POV)
Clinical correlate: Birth Defect MCQ POV Just read once
After Doing the Complete Chapter , Go through Problems to Solve at the End once, Key given at the End of the Book.
KLM Topics: (Low yield Topics , MCQs)
(LO-F-A-031,032,033)
Chapter 5 Table 5.1 or You can Read Theory of Highlights of Fourth to Eight Weeks (MCQs)
Chapter 5, Estimation of Embryonic Age, Estimation of Gestational & Embryonic Age.
Chapter 6, Viability of fetuses, Highlights of Fetal period, Factors influencing Fetal Growth (Just Names)
Chapter 6, Procedures: (Important MCQs)
Diagnostic Value of Amniocentesis, Alpha fetoprotein Assay, Chorionic Villi Sampling
Chapter 8: (LO-F-A-032,033,034,035,036,037)
Development of fetus, monthly changes Time of birth (Just Read for MCQs)
Clinical correlate:
Low birth weight
IUGR & SGA
Fetal Membranes & Placenta with diagram (UHS past Paper Qs)
Changes in trophoblast , chorion frondosum & decidua Basalis , Structure of Placenta , Full-term Placenta , Circulation of Placenta (Important)
Functions of Placenta ( Just read Once for MCQs)
Amnion & Umbilical Cord ( Just Read Important Viva Qs )
Placental Changes at the End of Pregnancy ( UHS Past Paper Modular System 2023 )
General Anatomy by Laiq Hussain 6th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
Chapter 1:
Anatomical variation and examples
Chapter 2:
Planes most imp.
Anatomical position
Anatomical movements of hand arm head etc for Viva
Laterality terms
Chapter 3:
Functions of bone
Classification from all aspects imp
Shafts epiphyses and diaphysis of long bone
Types of epiphyses v.imp ( Proff SEQ)
Rule of ossification imp ( Proff SEQ)
Arterial supply of long bones v.v.imp do it from notes
Recommended lecture selfless medicose
Healing of fracture
Cartilage difference v imp from notes
Chapter 4:
Almost whole chp imp
Classification on all basis(do flowcharts)v v v imp
Diarthroses with features from notes then give read to book v v imp
Movements imp
Classification of synovial joints from all aspects imp
Factors of joint stability mcqs
Nerve supply read
Hilton’s Law favourite question
Joints injuries and diseases mcqs
Chapter 5:
Functions of muscle
Classification on all basis v vv imp
Red white intermediate fibres
Nerve supply and motor unit imp
Contraction of muscles and their diff imp
Paralysis also has imp mcqs
Fascia aponeurosis raphe synovial bursa and sheath new terms for u so do it also
Chapter 6:
General structure of blood vessels
Classification of all vessels on all basis capillaries most imp
Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel
Anastomosis most imp also has mcqs
AV shunts and glomus bodies
Portal system imp viva & written qs
Lymph from notes
Chapter 7:
Functions of skin
Epidermis and dermis
Appendages of skin full of mcqs
lines of cleavage read+concept
Skin Burns (from pic given below)
Skin infections and Skin Grafting ( Not given in Laiq Hussain. From Tassaduq Husaain General Anatomy pg 11)
Chapter 8:
Give a read to introduction
classification morpho and functionally
Supporting cells imp
Gray white matter lemniscus mcqs
Cranial nerves name v.imp
Spinal nerves no. and distribution
Plexus names and dermatome
Classification of receptors v.imp (proff mcq)
4 parasympathetic ganglia (name only)
Enteric nervous system
Chapter 9:
Read Only ( not so imp)
CT, X-Ray, MRI (Read)
Note:
I’ve mentioned all imp topics and that is enough for G.A
For remaining topics in any chapter give a read for MCQs.
Carefully do all diagrams of imp topics from Laiq Hussain GA along with theory. By that your Ospe will be prepared side by side with your written exam.
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 02)
Spleen:
From PDF shared or from Snell’s Anatomy 10th edition
Block-1 Histology should be Done in detail Once, Study it Once thoroughly and Make Notes or Shortlist it accordingly for Your Ease, whatever Method suits You.
If you do it in the right way, you can get all the SEQs easily that came in Last 2 Proffs
Block-1 Histology has a bit lengthy syllabus, Rest 2 Block Histo is very Easy
In Recent Proff Papers (Annual & Supplementary), Histology Questions (SEQs) from Block-1 came, so it should be ignored.
Things To Do In Histology:
Diagrams are very important ( practical Ones these are Asked in SEQs mostly), 1st year diagrams are quite easy. Every diagram is important (frequently asked in exams)
Histology’s trick is the same as that of Gross anatomy (Visual memory), Visualize the Pictures and its features! That’s all they ask.
Reference Books:
Medical Histology by Laiq Hussain Revised 8th Edition (Chapter numbers are mentioned according to this edition)
DiFiore’s Atlas of Histology
Notes:
Shortlisted notes of histology are also shared in the group (By Zayn ul Hassan from G12) & if you want to Make Your Own Notes or shortlist it accordingly, it is well & Good.
Chapter 1: (Can skip / just Read)
MCQs might come from this chapter
Single MCQ from Fixation came in UHS Proff 2023 (formalin)
Chapter 2:
Cell is the same as you have studied in other subjects, but in histology there are some details given below:
Important to do from Histo:
Cytoplasmic inclusions (Pigments)
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments Types * Important Viva Qs /SEQ
Cell Junctions Complete till Junctional Complex * Very Important UHS Past Paper SEQ 2024
You should know Epithelium Definition and Examples* (Make Notes , Mnemonics for Examples)
Examples are Important for MCQs
Diagrams are Important as well for OSPE & SEQ (might come to draw)
Urothelium, transitional Epithelium Complete
Apical Domain Complete Important UHS Supply Paper 2024
Lateral Domain & Basal Domain (Just Read once for Concept)
Clinical: Kartagener Syndrome/ Immotile cilia Syndrome Important
Basement Membrane*
Functions (Just Read Once, you already Know about Functions)
Chapter 4:
MCQ POV
You can do this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared, just do Definitions, Examples for MCQ & Diagrams for SEQ.
Chapter 5:
You can Cover this chapter from Medicnetic Pdf shared as well, Or You can read it and make your Own notes / Shortlist accordingly.
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes, Macrophages, mast cells, Plasma cells, leukocytes, Do identification points just from your histology practical
Collagens*
Do Collagen Fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers from your Histology Practical Notebook
Chapter 6:
Short list chapter in flow chart, MCQs POV, Diagrams are Important for SEQ
Diff b/w brown and white adipose
Types of Dense Connective Tissue for MCQs
Dense Connective Tissue / Loose connective Tissue Diagram Important for SEQ / OSPE UHS Past Paper 2024
UHS 1st Block
(Module No 02)
Chapter 14:
Topics of Lymph included in your Learning Objectives (MCQ POV, but included in practicals and also asked in vivas, so do it from notes or Medicnetic pdf shared)
2nd year Histology is quite extensive as compared to 1st year
So we have to do it smartly
Things To Do In Histology:
All diagrams are important, for better understanding of diagrams consider Difiore’s Atlas of Histology
For clinicals consult Laiq Hussain and Difiore’s Atlas of Histology
For theory point of view, we need to do things in Tabular form as there are alot of comparisons so I would prefer ARC notes along with your recommended Books, it would be very benificial Indeed!
